P768 The prevalence and risk factors for malignancies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Crete : a case control study

Abstract

Background There is evidence that about 30% of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develop malignancies whichconstitute the second cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases, such as in general population. Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for malignancies in IBD patients followed in two tertiary centers. It was a retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data in an established IBD registry for seven years (06/2015 to 06/2022). IBD patients with malignancies were compared with controls-IBD patients without malignancies [matching 1:3 according to sex, IBD diagnosis (Ulcerative Colitis; UC, Crohn’s Disease; CD) and age (±5 years)] so as to elucidate possible risk factors for cancer (CA) development in these individuals. Results From a total of 2.382 IBD patients of the IBD registry in University Hospital and Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion in Crete, 107 (4.5 %) were diagnosed with CAs during their follow-up whereas 22 (0.92 %) had a history of CA before IBD diagnosis. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data for the total of 428 patients (107 with CA and 321 without CA) are presented in Table 1. Among patients with CA, 49 (45.8%) were females, 54 (50.5%) had CD, the median age of CA diagnosis was 61 years (51.3-69.8) and the median IBD duration was 10 years (3-20). Thirty-two (29.9 %) of the CA-IBD patients had known familial history of CA and 28 (26.1 %) were active smokers whereas 46 (42.9 %) were ex-smokers. Twenty-nine patients (27.1 %) were exposed to immunomodulators, 32 (29.9 %) to anti-TNFs, 20 (18.7 %) to other biologics and 16 (14.9 %) to combination treatment. The majority of CA cases were extra-intestinal, only 12 (11.2 %) had colorectal cancer (CRC) and 11 (10.3 %) had a CA recurrence whereas 19 (17.8 %) died from the CA. In the univariate analysis the median IBD duration (OR 0.96, CI 95%0.94- 0.99), inflammatory phenotype in CD (OR 0.46, CI 95% 0.23-0.93) and treatment with other biologics (other than ant-TNFs) (OR 0.50, CI 95%0.29- 0.86) were protective factors, whereas colonic location in CD (OR 3.24, CI 95% 1,49-7,04) found to be a risk factor for CA development(Table 1). No association with disease characteristics, smoking habits, family history of CA and extra intestinal manifestations was found. In the multivariate analysis only CD inflammatory phenotype (OR 0.28, CI 95%0.09-0.58) was a protective factor whereas colonic location (OR 4.8, CI 95% 1.81-12.79) remained a risk factor for malignancies (Table 2). Conclusion The prevalence of malignancy in IBD patients in Crete is 4.5%. It seems that in CD disease phenotype is associated with the development of malignancies. Non association with the used medications was found.