“…In addition, the consideration of the environmental effect of construction is also a big issue, especially in population‐concentrated urban areas, due to existing buildings, roads, and residents. To prevent public nuisance, such as noise, vibration, and dust, during construction, a top‐down construction method is widely used in major Asian cities in Korea, China, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan . Top‐down construction methods have the advantage of being able to protect nearby buildings as well as underground structures and can thus be applied as an alternative construction method to the conventional bottom‐up construction method.…”