På vej mod social mix? Konsekvenser af ufrivillig fraflytning fra udsatte boligområder

Abstract

Sammenfatning: I de kommende år vil ommærkning, nedrivning og frasalg af almene boliger i de »hårde ghettoer« tvinge beboere til at fraflytte deres bolig. Denne form for ufrivillig fraflytning som konsekvens af strukturelle omdannelser af udsatte områder har vi ikke erfaring med i Danmark. For at kvalificere processen omkring og resultaterne af omdannelserne vender denne artikel blikket mod lande med lignende indsatser for at få svar på, hvad de internationale erfaringer med ufrivillig fraflytning fra udsatte boligområder er, og hvad vi kan lære af dem i dansk kontekst.

From Marginalized Housing Estate to Attractive Neighborhood

“…First, physical displacement refers to the phenomenon that mixed-income transformations may lead to a reduction in housing opportunities for low-income residents, leading to them being displaced from the estate to other low-income neighborhoods. This is partially because social housing residents are relocated during the transformation period and never return (August, 2014b;Nielsen & Jepsen, 2020) and because transformation often leads to a net-reduction in the number of social housing units due to demolitions and inadequate reestablishment of social housing units (ibid. ; Vale, 2019).…”

“…Furthermore, redevelopment of social housing units in transformed mixed-income neighborhoods is often followed by tightened eligibility criteria (relating to e.g., employment, income, criminal record, eviction record, or substance abuse) effectively preventing the most marginalized residents from gaining access to housing (Chaskin & Joseph, 2015). The physical displacement caused by these dynamics often leads to a reconcentration of low-income and marginalized residents into nearby social or public housing estates (Nielsen & Jepsen, 2020).…”

“…Furthermore, living in mixed-income communities, low-income residents are often politically marginalized and socially stigmatized by higher-income newcomers (Chaskin & Joseph, 2015;Lelévrier, 2013;Tersteeg & Pinkster, 2016). Meanwhile, existing low-income tenants have to endure the disadvantages of living in neighborhoods during the reconstruction phase, often being subjected to permanent or temporary displacement, and facing new and sometimes draconic eligibility and surveillance regimes that are often introduced in redeveloped estates (Bach, 2019b;Nielsen & Jepsen, 2020).…”