Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy and Choroidal Thickness Changes in Coeliac Disease

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate choroidal thickness in patients with coeliac disease (CD) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare the results to normal eyes. Methods. Seventy patients with CD and 70 healthy controls were included in this prospective, comparative study. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation and SD-OCT. Subfoveal, nasal (nasal distance to fovea 500 μm, 1000 μm, and 1500 μm), and temporal (temporal distance to fovea 500 μm, 1000 μm, and 1500 μm) choroidal thickness measurements were performed using SD-OCT. Results. There were no significant differences in sex, ages, and axial lengths between the groups (p=1.0, p=0.601, p=0.314, respectively). The mean choroidal thickness measurements at all predefined measurement point areas were higher in the coeliac group than in the healthy controls (p<0.001). Of all patients with coeliac disease (70 eyes of 70 patients), 64 eyes (84.2%) had uncomplicated pachychoroid (UCP), one eye had pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), and five eyes in the UCP group had PPE in fellow eyes. Conclusion. It is probable that systemic inflammation in coeliac patients causes the enlargement of choroidal vessels and increasing choroidal thickness. PPE, which is believed to be the precursor of central serous chorioretinopathy, can be observed in coeliac patients.

Choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex, and photoreceptor outer segment length evaluation in patients receiving tamoxifen therapy by spectral domain optical coherence tomography

“…Choroidal thicknesses of eyes with pachychoroid phenotype that were greater than 300 μm, with and without retina pigment epithelium abnormalities, were evaluated as PPE and uncomplicated pachychoroid epitheliopathy (UCP), respectively [12].…”

Choroidal thickness, ganglion cell complex and photoreceptor outer segment length evaluation in patients receiving tamoxifen therapy by spectral domain optical coherence tomography

“…Choroidal thicknesses of eyes with pachychoroid phenotype are greater than 300 μm together with and without retina pigment epithelium abnormalities were evaluated as uncomplicated pachychoroid (UCP) and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) respectively [12].…”

Evaluation of Eye Involvement in Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients

“…Ocular findings due to CD occupy an important place among these extraintestinal findings because of the direct effect of visual function and ocular comfort on quality of life. [5][6][7] Bölükbaşı et al has revealed that mean CT measurements at all seven areas of subfoveal, nasal, and temporal points were found to be higher in the adult celiac group. 15 There is only one study by Dogan et al that have found insignificant decrease in thickness of choroid in pediatric CD patients at only subfoveal area.…”

“…[5][6][7] Bölükbaşı et al has revealed that mean CT measurements at all seven areas of subfoveal, nasal, and temporal points were found to be higher in the adult celiac group. 15 There is only one study by Dogan et al that have found insignificant decrease in thickness of choroid in pediatric CD patients at only subfoveal area. The studies about eye involvement and effect of gluten free diet on ocular findings in CD patients are scarce.…”

“…3,4 If undiagnosed extraintestinal findings remain untreated, leaving individuals exposed to the risk of long-term complications. [5][6][7] Recent studies eye involvement in systemic and autoinflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and Behçet's disease. [8][9][10][11] Mostly reflected as a change in thicknesses of choroid and ganglion cell complex (GCC).…”