Pacific Salmon Bring It All Back Home

Levy, Sharon

doi:10.2307/1313204

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…7). The effects of nutrient loading on productivity, whether it be naturally by anadromous fishes or artificially by placing spawned-out hatchery carcasses (Levy 1997) or artificial nutrient additions (Ashley and Slaney 1997;Kyle et al 1997), will likely depend on existing geology-based nutrient concentrations (Coleman and Dahm 1990), light levels and water temperature (Allan 1995), nutrient storage capacity (Bilby et al 1996), among several other processes, specific to a given reach, subbasin, or watershed. Productivity of a system that is not nutrient limited will probably respond less to nutrient loading, as observed by Rand et al (1992) in Lake Ontario tributaries.…”

Section: Ecological Considerations and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to the conventional view that material flows from land to freshwater and then to the sea (Vannote et al 1980;Maser and Sedell 1994), a massive movement of organic material and nutrients occurs annually from marine to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems via the migration of anadromous fishes (Levy 1997). This "upstream" marine subsidy to freshwater and land is poorly understood and the ecological effects likely underestimated (Willson et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Further, the ramifications of suppressed or lost salmon runs, and consequent reduced nutrient supply, could be severe. Placing spawned-out hatchery salmon in streams has been considered to help facilitate salmon stock restoration in Washington and Oregon (Levy 1997). Slow-release "salmon bricks" (processed and compressed salmon byproducts designed to meter nutrients into surface waters) as well as artificial fertilizers are also being used as salmon stock restoration tools in Pacific Northwest systems (Ashley and Slaney 1997;P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of salmon spawner densities on stream productivity in Southeast Alaska

Wipfli¹,

Hudson²,

Chaloner³

et al. 1999

Journal canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques

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Abstract:We conducted this study to determine the relationship between salmon spawner abundance and stream biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrate abundance in Southeast Alaska. Experiments took place in outdoor artificial and natural streams. Six pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) carcass treatments (0.00, 1.45, 2.90, 4.35, 5.80, and 7.25 kg wet mass) placed in artificial channels were subsampled repeatedly for biofilm ash-free dry mass (AFDM), chlorophyll a, and macroinvertebrates. In a small (nonanadromous) forest stream, we sampled benthos throughout a 66-m reach 17 days after distributing 60 carcasses along the lower half of that reach. All response variables significantly increased in response to carcass additions in both artificial and natural streams. Chlorophyll a continued to increase across all loading rates, while AFDM and total macroinvertebrate densities showed no further response to loading beyond the first treatment (1.45 kg) in artificial streams. In the natural stream, AFDM and chironomid densities continued increasing across loading levels. These results indicated that increased spawner densities increased lower trophic level abundance until a trophic capacity was reached. Salmon escapement goals should consider food web effects, especially on trophic levels that support juvenile salmonids, that ultimately affect freshwater salmon production.Résumé : Nous avons entrepris cette étude pour déterminer la relation entre, d'une part, l'abondance des saumons reproducteurs et, d'autre part, l'abondance des films biologiques fluviaux et des macroinvertébrés dans le sud-est de l'Alaska. Les expériences ont été effectuées à l'extérieur dans des canaux artificiels et un cours d'eau naturel. On a procédé à cinq traitements consistant en l'introduction de carcasses de saumon rose (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) (1,45, 2,90, 4,35, 5,80, et 7,25 kg poids humide) avec témoin (0,00 kg) dans des canaux artificiels; on y a prélevé à plusiers reprises des sous-échantillons pour mesurer la masse à sec sans cendre des films biologiques ainsi que la chlorophylle a et les macroinvertébrés. Dans un petit cours d'eau forestier non fréquenté par des saumons anadromes, nous avons échantillonné le benthos d'un tronçon de 66 m 17 jours après avoir distribué 60 carcasses dans la moitié inférieure de ce tronçon. Toutes les variables mesurées se sont significativement accrues en réponse aux introductions de carcasses tant dans les canaux artificiels que dans le cours d'eau naturel. La quantité de chlorophylle a n'a pas cessé de s'accroître d'un traitement à l'autre, tandis que la masse à sec sans cendre des films biologiques et les densités de macroinvertébrés ont plafonné dès le premier traitement (1,45 kg) dans les canaux artificiels. Dans le cours d'eau naturel, la masse à sec sans cendre des films biologiques et les densités des chironomides n'ont cessé de s'accroître d'un traitement à l'autre. Ces résultats ont indiqué que l'accroissement des densités de reproducteurs a eu pour effet d'accroître l'abondance des organismes des ...

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Section: Ecological Considerations and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of salmon spawner densities on stream productivity in Southeast Alaska

Wipfli¹,

Hudson²,

Chaloner³

et al. 1999

Journal canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques

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show abstract

“…For example, allochthonous litter from streamside plants often makes up the bulk of the energy assimilated by benthic invertebrates in small forest streams (Fisher and Likens, 1973;Vannote et al, 1980;Cummins et al, 1989;Wallace et al, 1997). River corridors often get substantial energy and nutrient subsidies from marine ecosystems in regions that support salmon or other anadromous fishes (Levy, 1997). Wipfli et al (1998Wipfli et al ( , 1999 showed that a marine subsidy from salmon carcasses raised invertebrate density by 3-25 times in southeastern Alaska streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic linkages between headwater forests and downstream fish habitats: implications for forest and fish management

Wipfli

2005

Landscape and Urban Planning

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“…The return of salmon from the ocean is a crucial link in freshwater ecosystems throughout the North Pacific Rim. For example, up to 90% of the nitrogen in benthic algae from Sashin Creek in southeast Alaska is derived from the rotting carcasses of spawned‐out pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ; Levy, 1997). …”

Section: Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Zen and deep evolution: The optical delusion of separation

Allendorf

2018

Evolutionary Applications

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The Buddha taught that everything is connected and constantly changing. These fundamental observations of the world are shared by ecology and evolution. We are living in a time of unprecedented rates of extinction. Science provides us with the information that we need to address this extinction crisis. However, the problems underlying extinction generally do not result from a lack of scientific understanding, but they rather result from an unwillingness to take the needed action. I present mindfulness and meditative aspects of Zen practice that provide the deeper “knowing,” or awareness that we need to inspire action on these problems.

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Pacific Salmon Bring It All Back Home

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of salmon spawner densities on stream productivity in Southeast Alaska

Influence of salmon spawner densities on stream productivity in Southeast Alaska

Trophic linkages between headwater forests and downstream fish habitats: implications for forest and fish management

Zen and deep evolution: The optical delusion of separation

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