Pacing strategy of the finishers of the world marathon majors series

Kais, Ülari; Pind, Rasmus; Pehme, Ando; Kaasik, Priit; Mooses, Martin

doi:10.26582/k.51.1.5

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It was seen that the pace profiles of the athletes with 5% and longer finishing times compared to the IAAF and Olympic marathon medal winners were similar in the pace profiles of the male runners participating in the Istanbul Marathon. While male runners competing in the Athens classic (24), the New York Marathon (23,31) and in other major marathons (19) showed a more even pace profile, the fact that there are also similarities between the pace profiles, based on the performance level, of the male runners competing in the New York Marathon (31) and the pace profiles of the runners competing in the İstanbul Marathon suggests that there are some common points between the pace profiles of elite, sub-elite and recreational runners participating in the İstanbul marathon and the pace profiles of the runners of some city marathons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The marathon has recently become one of the most popular events for long-distance runners, both in the World and Turkey. Although running pace has an important role in optimizing the individual performances of runners, research results regarding the race running pace profiles related to the marathon races at the national level have not been found (19,21,31). It is clear that Istanbul Marathon, which is one of the most important and longest-running sports organizations in Turkey, has an important value for this kind of research.…”

Section: Issn: 2147-5652mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors stated that excessive fast start may cause a decrease in speed in the second part of the race (23,31). Fast finishers (both sexes) in Major marathons like Chicago, London and New York maintain a more constant pacing than the slower ones (19). According to these results, there may be different pacing profiles between Olympic and city marathons, but also some pacing differences can be seen between elite and non-elite athletes.…”

Section: Issn: 2147-5652mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon

Kaçoğlu

2019

Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise

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The aim of this study was to determine, on the basis of performance levels, running pace profiles of the male runners (n = 2095) who completed the 40th International Istanbul Marathon in less than 6 hours. While 0-35 km of the marathon was divided into 5 km long sections, 35-42.2 km of it was determined as the last segment which was 7.2 km. The average speeds of the running pace of the athletes in the determined segments were calculated. Performance groups were evaluated in 8 different groups with the athletes completing the race in the finishing time slower than the winner's race time. In these context, the independent variables were performance levels and the segments, dependent variable was mean running times in all these segments. The difference between performance groups and successive segments was evaluated with Two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results also showed that mean pacing alterations between successive segments throughout the race had some similarities and were correlated between the performance levels. Analysis showed that there were statistically significant alterations between successive segments pacing profiles depending on for each performance levels (p<0.000). Overall, the athletes showed an increasing pace in all the performance groups in the first 10 kilometers of the race (p<0.001). The highest level of the performance group showed an even pace in the segments between 10 and 25 km, while it fell between 25 and 30 km and continue at this level between 30 and 35 km. In other groups, it was observed that the speeds fell inversely proportional to the performance in the segments between 10 and 35 km (p<0.05). In the last 7.2 km segment, it was observed that the athletes with the highest level of performance had a decrease in pace and the rate of decrease in the pace was lower in the groups with lower performance level. Only in the slowest group of athletes, the pace was observed to increase in the last segment. Considering the whole race, it was seen that the athletes showed a pace profile close to the positive pace profile in general.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issn: 2147-5652mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issn: 2147-5652mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon

Kaçoğlu

2019

Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise

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“…According to studies, elite marathon runners have much less variability in their speed and stride intervals during a marathon run than novice runners [ 2 , 13 , 14 ]. This has led to studies postulating that the strategy of minimizing performance variability of spatiotemporal parameters by elite runners is achieved by reducing joint variability throughout the run because of the training regimen that fosters stable and consistent motor patterns [ 2 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of Running and Its Relationship with Joint Kinematics during a Prolonged Run

Panday

Pathak

Moon

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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We investigated the effect of prolonged running on joint kinematics and its association with stride complexity between novice and elite runners. Ten elite marathoners and eleven healthy individuals took part in a 20 min submaximal prolonged running experiment at their preferred running speed (PRS). A three-dimensional motion capture system was utilized to capture and calculate the alpha exponent, stride-to-stride fluctuations (SSFs), and stride-to-stride variability (SSV) of spatiotemporal parameters and joint kinematics. In the results, the elite athletes ran at a considerably higher PRS than the novice runners, yet no significant differences were found in respiratory exchange ratio with increasing time intervals. For the spatiotemporal parameters, we observed a significant increase in the step width and length variability in novice runners with increasing time-interval (p < 0.05). However, we did not observe any differences in the alpha exponent of spatiotemporal parameters. Significant differences in SSF of joint kinematics were observed, particularly in the sagittal plane for ankle, knee, and hip at heel strike (p < 0.05). While in mid-stance, time-interval differences were observed in novices who ran with a lower knee flexion angle (p < 0.05). During toe-off, significantly higher SSV was observed, particularly in the hip and ankle for novices (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis of joint SSV revealed a distinct negative relationship with the alpha exponent of step-length and step-width for elite runners, while, for novices, a positive relation was observed only for the alpha exponent of step-width. In conclusion, our study shows that increased step-width variability seen in novices could be a compensatory mechanism to maintain performance and mitigate the loss of stability. On the other hand, elite runners showed a training-induced effective modulation of lower-limb kinematics to improve their running performance.

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“…Pacing can be defined as the way in which effort is distributed over the duration of an exercise period (Renfree & Casado, 2018). It has been underlined as a key ability to improve marathon performance in elite (Díaz et al, 2018) and recreational runners (Kais et al, 2019; Muñoz‐Pérez et al, 2020) and to break the 2 h barrier in marathon (Sousa et al, 2018). Therefore, using the most optimal pacing strategy during a marathon may allow for substantial improvements in final performance (Casado et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacing and packing behaviour in elite and world record performances at Berlin marathon

Pérez

Lago-Fuentes

Mecías-Calvo

et al. 2022

European Journal of Sport Science

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The aim of this study was to compare pacing and packing behaviours between sex and performance level at elite Berlin marathon races. Official electronic split and finishing times from 279 (149 male and 130 female) marathon performances, including 5 male world records, were obtained from 11 Berlin marathon races held from 2008 to 2018, and from two previous world records and the second world all-time fastest performance also achieved at that same Berlin course. Male performances displaying an even pacing behaviour were significantly faster than those adopting a positive behaviour (p < 0.001; d = 0.75). Male world records were characterized by even profiles with fast endspurts, being especially remarkable at world all-time two fastest performances which were assisted by the use of a new shoe technology. Female marathon runners decreased their speed less than men during the second half marathon and especially from the 35th km onwards (p < 0.001; 0.51 ≤ d ≤ 0.55). The latest race stages were usually run individually in both sexes. Significant pace differences between performance groups at every race segment were found in women (p < 0.01; 1.0 ≤ d ≤ 2.0), who also covered an important part of the race alone. Prior to participation in meet marathon races such as Berlin marathon, elite runners should select the group that they will join during the race according to their current performance level as a preassigned pace set by a pacemaker will be adopted. Therefore, they could follow an even rather than positive pacing behaviour which will allow them to achieve a more optimal performance. Highlights. Prior to participation in meet marathon races such as Berlin marathon, elite runners should select the group that they will join during the race according to their current performance level as a preassigned pace set by a pacemaker will be adopted. . Athletes could follow an even rather than positive pacing behaviour which will allow them to achieve a more optimal performance. . Female runners should consider being paced by a male runner of greater performance level as runners of both sexes are allowed to run the race altogether during this type of races.

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Pacing strategy of the finishers of the world marathon majors series

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon

The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon

Complexity of Running and Its Relationship with Joint Kinematics during a Prolonged Run

Pacing and packing behaviour in elite and world record performances at Berlin marathon

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