Packaged in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer for highly sensitive curvature and flexural strain sensing

Lin, Horng Sheng; Raji, Y.M.; Lim, JH; Lim, Siong Kang; Mokhtar, M.R.; Yusoff, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2016.09.006

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For accuracy affirmation, the flexural modulus of each set of characterization is collated with the theoretical value. The flexural modulus of the steel bar is given as E = σ f / ε f , where σ f is the flexural stress and ε f is the flexural strain, which can be further equated as in equation (6) 17…”

Section: Characterization and Repeatability Tests Of The Mzi Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of late, polypropylene packaging was proposed as an innovative packaging with cost effectiveness and good coupling capability to flexural strain and curvature. 17 Conceivably, the thickness of the packaging of sensor is most likely going to affect the sensitivity of sensor, in a way of strain coupling effect. Thereby, three polypropylene packages with different thicknesses were prepared to justify the effect of packaging thickness on the curvature sensitivity of the sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility use of in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical fibre sensor in lightweight foamed concrete structural beam on curvature sensing and crack monitoring

Png

Lin

Pua

et al. 2018

Structural Health Monitoring

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This article presents a novel study on curvature sensing and crack monitoring in lightweight foamed concrete structural beam using the packaged fibre-based in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer curvature sensor. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors which consist of two abrupt biconic tapers were fabricated and packaged into polypropylene slabs to protect the sensors under harsh condition of the real sensing environment, as the sensors were embedded into lightweight foamed concrete structural beams for field tests. Pretest characterizations of Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors based on the packaging thicknesses at different operating wavelengths (1310, 1490 and 1550 nm) were done before the field tests. Three packages with different thicknesses were prepared to justify the effect of the packaging thicknesses on the curvature sensitivity of sensors. Results showed that the Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor with a thicker bottom slab has the highest sensitivity of up to 3.53 µW m−1 which is capable of detecting a minimum curvature of 0.25 km−1 and a maximum curvature radius of up to 4 km. In the field tests, three Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors were embedded into the lightweight foamed concrete structural beams with different polypropylene percentages (0.4%, 0.25% and 0%, respectively) to characterize the sensor performance according to the concrete environments with different tensile capacities. Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor managed to hold up to a maximum loading force of 26 kN in the concrete environment before stopping functioning. Optical powers in response to the loading forces imposed to the beams were mapped to the strains measured by the lead wire alloy foil strain gauges (brand: TML, model: FLK-6-11) with a good correlation value of up to 0.968. Furthermore, the double-sided sensing property of Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensors preponderates over the conventional strain gauges in detecting the internal cracking within the concretes before any earlier sighting of the macrocracks.

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Section: Characterization and Repeatability Tests Of The Mzi Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility use of in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical fibre sensor in lightweight foamed concrete structural beam on curvature sensing and crack monitoring

Png

Lin

Pua

et al. 2018

Structural Health Monitoring

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“…As a kind of fiber optic sensor, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) fiber optic sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, portability, easy manufacture, high sensitivity, and large sensing wavelength range. MZ interference micro-displacement sensor has been widely studied [10][11][12]. In 2013, Chen et al [13] proposed a micro-displacement sensor with a core-offset structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of MZI Symmetrical Structure With Fiber Balls and Seven-Core Fiber in Microdisplacement Measurement

Zhao

Song

et al. 2018

Photonic Sens

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An optical fiber microdisplacement sensor based on symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a seven-core fiber and two single-mode fiber balls is proposed. The rationality and manufacturing process of the MZI sensing structure are analyzed. The fabrication mechanism of the Mach-Zehnder sensor by CO2 laser is described in detail. Experimental results show that temperature sensitivities of the two dips are 98.65 pm/ and 89.72pm/ ℃ ℃ , respectively. The microdisplacement sensitivities are 2017.71 pm/mm and 2457.92 pm/mm, respectively. The simultaneous measurement of temperature and microdisplacement is demonstrated based on the sensitive matrix. The proposed Mach-Zehnder interference sensor exhibits the advantages of compact structure, simple manufacturing process, and high reliability.

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Microfiber: Physics and Fabrication

Lin

Yusoff

2019

Handbook of Optical Fibers

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Packaged in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer for highly sensitive curvature and flexural strain sensing

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Feasibility use of in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical fibre sensor in lightweight foamed concrete structural beam on curvature sensing and crack monitoring

Feasibility use of in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical fibre sensor in lightweight foamed concrete structural beam on curvature sensing and crack monitoring

Application of MZI Symmetrical Structure With Fiber Balls and Seven-Core Fiber in Microdisplacement Measurement

Microfiber: Physics and Fabrication

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