Packaging of high-density fiber/laser modules using passive alignment techniques

Cohen, Michael B.; Cina, M.F.; Bassous, E.; Oprysko, Modest M.; Speidell, James L.; Canora, F.J.; DeFranza, Mark

doi:10.1109/ectc.1992.204191

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In previous work [2], an alignment scheme has been proposed which is batch and passive. Batch alignment is advantageous because it shares the cost of handling, polishing, and alignment among the many elements of an array; these elements may be later subdivided into smaller arrays or singletons.…”

Section: Piece-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the advantages of passive alignment are questionable: it requires costly precision jigging for "dead reckoning," and imposes tight tolerances on the location of fiducials or other geometric features which must be precisely located with respect to the optical centerlines. Moreover, the particular method suggested in [2] requires custom laser arrays having special fiducials, and imposes stringent tolerances on the V-groove etching, since the centers of the fibers must coincide precisely with the surface of the silicon. Both of these requirements are costly-particularly the need for custom lasers.…”

Section: Piece-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assembly of laser-fiber arrays

Hall

Lane

Wang

et al. 1994

J. Lightwave Technol.

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This paper describes techniques and machinery for first-level packaging of laser-to-fiber interconnects using batch assembly and active alignment. These techniques are economical because the costs of labor-intensive processes, such as parts handling, fiber-polishing, and alignment, are shared among the many elements of the array. Using these techniques, prototype packages have been built consisting of 32-wide arrays of 1300nm lasers coupled to 32-wide arrays of single-mode fiber-optic stubs. Building the package involves three steps: 1) preparing the laser array for handling and alignment by soldering it to a metallized silicon carrier; 2) building the fiber array by stripping the fibers, placing them precisely into etched silicon V-grooves, bonding them in place, and polishing both ends; and 3) aligning the two arrays to each other using batch, active alignment. Batch alignment succeeds to the extent that each array is collinear, so the collinearity achieved in processes 1) and 2) is crucial. Typically, collinearity of f l pm or better is achieved for each array. When such arrays are batch aligned using the techniques described herein, the average coupling efficiency is about 88% as large as it would be if each laser-fiber pair were optimally aligned individually.

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Section: Piece-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Piece-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly of laser-fiber arrays

Hall

Lane

Wang

et al. 1994

J. Lightwave Technol.

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show abstract

“…Passive alignment using silicon etched v-grooves, solder bumps and stops can offer up to ±1 μm transverse alignment precision [23], [24], however, due to tolerances in Contactless Optical Packaging Concept for Laser to Fiber Coupling Saood Ibni Nazir and Yves Bellouard I micromachined components, fiber cladding-core concentricity tolerance, etc., an additional active alignment step is required, significantly increasing the production cost. The integration of a movable micro-mirror inside the package has also received some attention [25]- [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contactless Optical Packaging Concept for Laser to Fiber Coupling

Nazir

Bellouard

2021

IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag. Manufact. Technol.

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“…Of the various fiber-optic packaging issues, automating the fiberoptic alignment operation is one of the most challenging and is regarded as a critical manufacturing technique [1,2]. In recent decades, the emergence of multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) automated alignment stages has enabled more flexible alignment processes to be developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Simplex Method Based Strategy for Automatic Multiple DOF Laser-Fiber Packaging Alignment

Chang

Tseng

Wang

2006

2006 International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation

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This paper focused on a fine alignment process for automatic multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) laser-fiber packaging. Among the alignment algorithms used, the King's modified simplex method (KMSM) has been proven to be very suitable for the fine alignment process because of its fast convergence and ease of implementation. However, direct implementation of this method on a multiple DOF alignment process would lead to local peak trapping problem.In this paper, a KMSM based algorithm is proposed in which the search of the global peak is divided into two stages, namely, 2D alignment and 3D optic axis alignment. The method for the selection of key parameters to prevent the simplex from sticking on the local peaks and to accelerate the search is proposed. The experimental works have proven that the proposed idea is more effective than the conventional KMSM in terms of the rates of success and convergence in all the 100 alignment trials for 10 different LD-fiber pairs, regardless of the initial positions.Index Terms -laser-fiber packaging, alignment, simplex method.

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Packaging of high-density fiber/laser modules using passive alignment techniques

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Assembly of laser-fiber arrays

Assembly of laser-fiber arrays

Contactless Optical Packaging Concept for Laser to Fiber Coupling

A New Simplex Method Based Strategy for Automatic Multiple DOF Laser-Fiber Packaging Alignment

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