The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has provided an ideal platform to study the function of highly ordered organic surfaces for various applications, including nucleation of crystals. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In particular, SAMs of alkanethiols with a range of functionalities supported on gold and silver have been demonstrated to effectively nucleate calcium carbonate crystals, with a high degree of orientational specificity for each surface. [2,[9][10][11] It has been shown that the face-selective nucleation of calcite cannot be explained in terms of the lattice match between the SAM and the crystal face it nucleates. It has been suggested that a match may exist between the direction of the SAM terminal groups and that of anions in the nucleated crystal. [9] This situation would imply that the mechanism of the face-selective nucleation involves the translation of the orientation of the terminal groups on the SAM into the nucleating crystals. The validity of this hypothesis could not be explicitly tested in the previously reported systems, since the SAMs used differed in multiple parameters (for example, functional groups, metal support, chain length).Herein we verify the proposed mechanism by investigating the oriented growth of calcite on SAMs in which only one parameter-the orientation of the functional group-is varied. For this purpose, we utilized the so-called "odd-even effect" in the monolayers. [8,12,13] Detailed structural studies of SAMs [14,15] have shown that the orientation of long-chain alkanethiols (HS(CH 2 ) n CH 3 ) adsorbed from solution onto metal surfaces is determined by the cant (a, Figure 1 a) and twist (b) angles which the thiol molecules adopt in relation to the metal film during the formation of the monolayers. It has been demonstrated that when gold films are used to support SAMs, a and b have the same value and sign for all alkanethiol chains, while alkanethiol molecules assembled on silver show cant angles of opposite signs for alkyl chains of different parity. Therefore, the orientation of the terminal group X in SAMs on Ag is constant for both odd and even chains, and the terminal group X in SAMs on Au forms two different angles with the interface for odd and even chain lengths (Figure 1). SAMs with alkyl chains of different parity assembled on Au and Ag provide two ideal control systems to study the effect of terminal groups on the oriented growth of crystals. We anticipated that, if face-selective nucleation were controlled by the orientation of the functional groups in the templating surface, then all SAMs on Ag would induce the oriented crystal growth from the same crystal plane, while odd-and even-lengthed SAMs on Au should induce nucleation in two different crystallographic directions.Several sulfanylalkanoic acids with different methylene chain lengths were assembled on gold and silver to template the nucleation of calcite. Sulfanyloctanoic acid (HS-C 7 -COOH, denoted C 7 ), sulfanylundecanoic acid (HS-C 10 - Figure 1. Schematic representation of even and odd chain le...