Lung cancer was relatively uncommon at the turn of the 20th century, and has increased in prevalence at alarming rates, particularly because of the augmented trend in smoking, so that it is now the most common cause of cancer death in the world. As almost a quarter of these cancers are of small cell in origin, it seems only appropriate that small cell lung cancer receives ample attention, rather than seemingly to have been overlooked over the last 10-15 years. Despite its generally late presentation and high risk of dissemination, it is exceptionally sensitive to chemo-radiotherapy. This review looks at the diverse options of treatment that have been used over the last few years and tries to highlight the best available. As more than 50% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer are over 70 years of age and various studies have shown that older people respond just as well as their younger counterparts, with similar results in response rates, toxicity and outcomes, it is imperative that the older generation are not disregarded in terms of age being a contraindication to therapy.Key words: lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, treatment.
PREVALENCEGlobally, lung cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women, overtaking breast cancer as the commonest cause of death from cancer in women in many countries. In 2000, more than one million people died from lung cancer worldwide. Overall, women accounted for just more than one quarter of all lung cancer deaths.1 Small cell carcinomas, account for approximately 20-25% of all lung cancers.2 It is almost entirely related to smoking and is the most aggressive of all the lung cancer cell types, with a median survival time without treatment of 2-4 months. 3,4 In the mid-1970s small cell lung cancer (SCLC) seemed treatable and even curable as new chemotherapy regimens were developed, and singleagent therapy became double or triple drug therapy combinations. The median survival increased from 6 months to 18 months for limited disease presentations and to 9 months for those with extensive disease. However, since the mid-1980s there has been almost no progress in survivorship of this cell type. This review will detail the past, but there is too little to say for the last 15 years as interest has switched to the much less chemo-sensitive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), which although four times more common than SCLC, still seems a less attractive tumour when one considers the potential for cure. Nevertheless, the overall 5-year survival for 100 new cases of either cell type remains at approximately 5% overall, with surgery being the only curative treatment for NSCLC, and chemotherapy for SCLC.
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNSSmall cell lung cancer presents late with obviously abnormal chest radiographs and with bulky, usually mediastinal, involvement. The length of symptoms is short, approximately 8-12 weeks prior to presentation. The symptoms can result from local intrapulmonary tumour growth (cough, wheeze, dyspnoea, haemopt...