Paclitaxel Promotes Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Objective: Breast cancer remains the most threatening triggers of cancer death in women. Drug resistance inevitably leads to the weakness of treatment for breast cancer. Macrophages, as one of the most abundant immune cells in tumor immune-infiltrating microenvironment, involves in cell survival, migration, and invasion of breast cancer. Methods: In this study, we compared the proportions of macrophages in patients with breast cancer with and without paclitaxel treatment, and investigated the targeted genes associated with macrophages for paclitaxel response. To explore the relationship between drug-related genes and breast cancer prognosis, survival analysis based on the drug-related genes were performed by website of Kaplan-Meier plotter with the threshold of significant P value < .05. Results: Compared to the normal samples, we revealed that paclitaxel significantly enhanced the ratio of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the expression of 3 drug-related genes (IFT46, PEX11A, and TMEM223) were significantly negatively associated with the proportions of macrophages. And it is worth to notice that PEX11A and TMEM223 were associated with better progression-free survival outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, PEX11A was associated with longer overall survival time of breast cancer. Conclusion: Taken all together, all the findings support to gain a better understanding to the development of more effective therapies targeted with paclitaxel.

Efficacy of epirubicin plus docetaxel or paclitaxel in the treatment of breast cancer

“…It rapidly binds to the B site in the vasculature and controls cell mitosis and differentiation. Cells in contact with paclitaxel accumulate massive microtubules, which disrupt tumor cell function and prevent tumor cell division during mitosis, thereby inducing cancer cell death [17,18]. Similar to paclitaxel, docetaxel exerts its anticancer effects by disrupting the microtubule network required for cytokinesis and cell mitosis.…”

Potential Medical Use of Fullerenols After Two Decades of Oncology Research

“…21 Not only is it still in use, but many reviews and original scientific papers are still being published on its usability, safety, different formulation improvements, and targeted therapies. Initially, DOX was confirmed to be effective for a few types of tumors only, although it is now used in many treatments to stop the growth of cancer cells in bones, 93,94 liver, 97,102 prostate, 99,101 cervical tissue, 100 breasts, 87,89,95,96,98,108 pancreas, 86,103 lung, 99,104 ovarium, 105 colon, 106,107 and the brain. 92 Considering all the scientific evidence presented in this section, future research should focus on formulation improvement and the safety profile of the FRLs used as antioxidants to protect organs from toxicity in DOX-related treatments.…”

“… 21 Not only is it still in use, but many reviews and original scientific papers are still being published on its usability, safety, different formulation improvements, and targeted therapies. 86 - 108 Initially, DOX was confirmed to be effective for a few types of tumors only, although it is now used in many treatments to stop the growth of cancer cells in bones, 93 , 94 liver, 97 , 102 prostate, 99 , 101 cervical tissue, 100 breasts, 87 , 89 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 108 pancreas, 86 , 103 lung, 99 , 104 ovarium, 105 colon, 106 , 107 and the brain. 92 …”

Multifunctional Liposomes Co-Modified with Ginsenoside Compound K and Hyaluronic Acid for Tumor-Targeted Therapy

“…Paclitaxel (PTX) is an essential anticancer agent used to treat various malignancies, including ovarian, breast, and colon cancers [12][13][14]. As a tetracyclic triterpene antitumor drug, PTX arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase by promoting microtubule polymerization, inhibiting degradation, and disrupting spindle formation during cytokinesis, culminating in cancer cell death.…”