Paddy plants inoculated with PGPR show better growth physiology and nutrient content under saline conditions

Abstract

The possible role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to alleviate salt stress during plant growth has been studied on paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) 'GJ-17' under greenhouse conditions; the study included growth parameters, mineral concentration, and antioxidant enzyme level. Salinity reduced plant growth, but PGPR inoculation reduced its harmful effect up to 1% salinity. Plants inoculated with PGPR under saline conditions showed 16% higher germination, 8% higher survival, 27% higher dry weight, and 31% higher plant height. Similarly, PGPR inoculated plants showed increased concentrations of N(26%), P (16%), K (31%), and reduced concentrations of Na (71%) and Ca (36%) as compared to non-inoculated control plants under saline conditions. Plants inoculated with PGPR under saline conditions also showed significant variations in antioxidant levels and growth physiology. Results suggested that inoculation with PGPR Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in salt-stressed plants could help to alleviate salt stress in the paddy.

Application of Halotolerant Bacteria to Restore Plant Growth Under Salt Stress

“…and Bacillus cereus . Furthermore, Jha and Subramanian ( 2013 ) showed clearly the direct and potential effect of some osmotolerant bacteria on germination of paddy seeds under saline conditions. This is probably due to the intervention and supplementation of IAA by the inoculated bacteria which plays an important role in the germination of seeds.…”

“…In addition to these characters, these rhizobacteria showed the potential to fi x nitrogen and solubilize phosphate under high salinity conditions (Sarathambal and Ilamurugu 2013 ). Osmotolerant rhizobacteria are known to enhance nutrient uptake in plants, nitrogen fi xation, phosphate solubilization and siderophore biosynthesis in saline soils (Bashan et al 2000 ;Ibekwe et al 2010 ;Chakraborty et al 2011 ;Shookietwattana and Maneewan 2012 ;Aamir et al 2013 ;Jha and Subramanian 2013 ;Younesi et al 2013b ). In addition, the inoculation with osmotolerant PGPB to alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress conditions on growth and yield of strawberry plants under salinity conditions was examined by Karlidag et al ( 2013 ).…”

“…Nevertheless, halotolerant bacteria can help to overcome the turbulence of nutrient uptake by restoration of phosphorus availability, and enrichment of rhizosphere with NO 3 -N (Ul-Hassan and Bano 2014 ). These bacteria also infl uence the uptake of nutrient elements (N, P, and K, Ca, Mg, Na Cl, Fe, Zn, Cu Mn) (Shirmardi et al 2010 ;Yildirim et al 2011 ;Jha and Subramanian 2013 ). The effects of coinoculation with P. fl uorescens and R. meliloti strains on nodulation and mineral uptake in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) clearly showed restoration of growth and only moderated negative effects of salt and signifi cantly increased plant growth by elevation of P and N and diminution of Na + in planta (Younesi et al 2013a ).…”

The Effect of Seed Priming with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Growth of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Seedling

“…Mathivanan et al, (2014) reported that the combination of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhanced the root weight. Jha and subramanian, (2013) also reported that the plants inoculated with PGPR showed higher dry weight. So far as interaction effect for the root weight, shoot weight, and total biomass were concerned, the combination of treatment, S 4 T 8 (26.01 mg), (575.12 mg), and (601.13 mg) respectively recorded significantly highest value.…”

Regulation of Plant Physiology and Antioxidant Enzymes for Alleviating Salinity Stress by Potassium-Mobilizing Bacteria

“…Besides, potassium is essential for the photosynthesis process and acts as a key for photosynthesis enzymes to initiate the formation of carbohydrate, which is metabolized into amino acids and proteins in the plant. Plants inoculated with Pseudomonas and Bacillus (KSM) in non-saline conditions, as well as at different level of salinity, showed significantly high leaf greenness and photosynthetic rates compared with non-inoculated control plants (Jha and Subramanian 2013c). The plants inoculated with KSM showed 3-5 % higher leaf greenness in the control condition and 2-10 % under salinity.…”