Paediatric Strongyloidiasis in Central Australia

Wilson, Angela; Fearon, Deborah

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020064

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Confounders such as the precarious socioeconomic conditions in which participants lived, which increased risk of exposure to Strongyloides and to malnutrition, might be the more important cause of anaemia and complicate the interpretation of these studies [ 47 ]. In the present study, and in a previous study of childhood strongyloidiasis in central Australia [ 48 ], all participants lived in similarly disadvantaged circumstances with ready access to health clinics and there was no association between anaemia and Strongyloides seropositivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Association between Diabetes and Human T-Cell Leukaemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) with Strongyloides stercoralis: Results of a Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey in Central Australia

Talukder

Pham

Woodman

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In central Australia, an area that is endemic for the human T-cell leukaemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and its association with other health conditions are unknown. A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted in seven remote Aboriginal communities in central Australia, from 2014 to 2018. All residents aged ≥10 years were invited to complete a health survey and to provide blood for Strongyloides serology, HTLV-1 serology and HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL). Risk factors for Strongyloides seropositivity and associations with specific health conditions including diabetes and HTLV-1 were determined using logistic regression. Overall Strongyloides seroprevalence was 27% (156/576) (children, 22% (9/40); adults (≥15 years), 27% (147/536), varied widely between communities (5–42%) and was not associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal, respiratory or dermatological symptoms. Increasing age, lower HTLV-1 PVL (<1000 copies per 105 peripheral blood leucocytes) compared to the HTLV-1 uninfected group and community of residence were significant risk factors for Strongyloides seropositivity in an adjusted model. A modest reduction in the odds of diabetes among Strongyloides seropositive participants was found (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35, 1.00; p = 0.049); however, this was lost when body mass index was included in the adjusted model (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.48, 1.47; p = 0.542). Strongyloides seropositivity had no relationship with anaemia. Exploring social and environmental practices in communities with low Strongyloides seroprevalence may provide useful lessons for similar settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Association between Diabetes and Human T-Cell Leukaemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) with Strongyloides stercoralis: Results of a Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey in Central Australia

Talukder

Pham

Woodman

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…seroprevalence was 27% (5-42%) [5]. This is comparable with a study (based on literature and exploratory clinical audit) in central Australia that found 16% (30/186) of paediatric inpatients that were tested for S. stercoralis were seropositive [11]. Shield et al [12] reported positive cases across all states and territories in Australia, with the highest (17-40% of those tested) in regions across where many First Nations people live in remote communities.…”

Section: Introduction (A) Strongyloidiasissupporting

confidence: 62%

Locally acquired strongyloidiasis in remote Australia: why are there still cases?

Ross

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In Australia, strongyloidiasis primarily affects returned travellers, Vietnam veterans and refugees or asylum seekers, and First Nations people. Non-overseas acquired cases are seen almost exclusively in Australian First Nations remote communities. Australian First Nations communities have one of the highest rates of strongyloidiasis in the world. Our work has shown that strongyloidiasis is a disease of poverty. Acknowledging this is important—we need to shift the lens to socioeconomic factors, particularly environmental health hardware such as working toilets and sewerage systems, showers and laundries, and effective wastewater and rubbish removal. The rates of strongyloidiasis in First Nations communities is a result of decades of inadequate, poorly constructed and/or poorly maintained housing, and poor environmental health hardware (hereafter hardware). The solution lies in adequate funding, resulting in well designed and maintained housing and appropriate hardware. Governments need to allow First Nations communities themselves to take the lead role in funding allocation, and design, construction and maintenance of their housing and hardware. This will ensure housing and hardware fulfils cultural and physical needs and desires, and protects health. Improving housing and hardware will also improve other health outcomes. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘ Strongyloides : omics to worm-free populations’.

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“…Some of the pathogens detected in the evidence base are of public health importance such as antimicrobial resistant bacteria, with community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus disproportionately affecting Aboriginal people [27,40]. The prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis is also disproportionately high in Aboriginal communities in Australia [24,30]. Strongyloides is a neglected tropical disease, which refers to diseases prevalent in tropical areas that mainly affect low-resourced communities [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonoses and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population: A One Health scoping review

Riley

Anderson²,

Lovett³

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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With limited access to animal health services, and high disease burdens among domesticated animals, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia face higher risk of disease including zoonoses. However, we lack understanding of the contribution of often preventable zoonoses to the health of these communities, which would enable us to enhance public health strategies and improve health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review to identify the current state of evidence on zoonoses in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. We examined the size, scope and characteristics of the evidence base and analysed the zoonoses detected in the studies within a One Health framework. We identified 18 studies that detected 22 zoonotic pathogens in animals, people, and the environment, with most studies detecting pathogens in a single One Health sector and no studies investigating pathogens in all three sectors. Findings indicate that despite the strong conceptual foundations of One Health throughout the evidence base, evidence is lacking in application of this concept. There is a need to undertake further research that prioritises Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership, considers the contribution of human, animal and environmental health factors, and investigates the prevalence and impact of zoonoses in communities through a One Health approach.

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Paediatric Strongyloidiasis in Central Australia

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

The Association between Diabetes and Human T-Cell Leukaemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) with Strongyloides stercoralis: Results of a Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey in Central Australia

The Association between Diabetes and Human T-Cell Leukaemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) with Strongyloides stercoralis: Results of a Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey in Central Australia

Locally acquired strongyloidiasis in remote Australia: why are there still cases?

Zoonoses and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population: A One Health scoping review

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