Paenibacillus melissococcoides sp. nov., isolated from a honey bee colony affected by European foulbrood disease

Abstract

A novel, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming bacterium of the genus Paenibacillus , designated strain 2.1T, was isolated from a colony of Apis mellifera affected by European foulbrood disease in Switzerland. The rod-shaped cells of strain 2.1T were 2.2–6.5 µm long and 0.7–1.1 µm wide. Colonies of strain 2.1T were orange-pigmented under oxic growth conditions on solid basal medium at 35–37 °C. Strain 2.1T showed catalase and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Its polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid and phospholipid. The only respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and palmitic acid (C16 : 0), which is consistent with other members of the genus Paenibacillus . The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 2.1T was 53.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strain 2.1T was closely related to Paenibacillus dendritiformis LMG 21716T (99.7 % similarity) and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus DSM 7262T (98.8 %). The whole-genome average nucleotide identity between strain 2.1T and the type strains of P. dendritiformis and P. thiaminolyticus was 92 and 91 %, respectively, and thus lower than the 95 % threshold value for delineation of genomic prokaryotic species. Based on the results of phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses we propose the name Paenibacillus melissococcoides sp. nov. for this novel Paenibacillus species. The type strain is 2.1T (=CCOS 2000T=DSM 113619T=LMG 32539T).

New reference genomes of honey bee-associated bacteria Paenibacillus melissococcoides, Paenibacillus dendritiformis, and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus

“…Among them, P. larvae ( 1 ) causes American foulbrood, a highly contagious disease, which impedes colony development and can lead to its death. P. melissococcoides ( 2 ) and P. dendritiformis ( 3 ) were isolated from colonies affected by European foulbrood ( 4 ). P. thiaminolyticus was isolated from hive material ( 5 , 6 ).…”

“…P. thiaminolyticus was isolated from hive material ( 5 , 6 ). Because of their close 16S rRNA genetic relatedness ( 2 ), P. melissococcoides could have been wrongly identified as P. dendritiformis or P. thiaminolyticus in previous studies.…”