“…As a result, a large number of technologies have appeared, such as the Bloom filter (BF) [1]. The BF has a low query delay and a high time-space overhead, leading to its broad use in computing areas, such as network and network security [2–5], distributed systems [6–9] and applications or embedded devices [10,11], with limited computing and storage resources. Moreover, many variants have been proposed, including the counting Bloom filter (CBF) [12] and its improvements [13–14], the compressed Bloom filter[15], the spectral Bloom filter[16], the dynamic Bloom filter [17], the Cuckoo Filter[18], and the parallel BFs (PBF-HT and PBF-BF) [19, 20].…”