PAH formation in counterflow non-premixed flames of butane and butanol isomers

Singh, Pradeep Kumar; Sung, Chih-Jen

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.009

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The interference from soot particles, due to resonant radiation from laser induced incandescence, on PAH LIF measurement in diffusion flames is well-known [21,29,37,38]. A simple soot isolation technique, described in [39], was used to measure the amount of soot present in the flames; no interference from soot was observed at the flow conditions used in this study in the region of interest (ROI).…”

Section: Simultaneous Oh and Pah Lif Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which was fitted with a UV 100 mm f/2.8 Cerco lens and a combination of UG11 and WG305 Schott glass filters. of excitation wavelengths from UV to visible [13,42] with the corresponding emission wavelength dependent on the number of aromatic rings possessed by the PAH molecule, and increasing with the number of aromatic rings [11,21,43]. Vander Wal et al [44] reported that with excitation wavelength below 300 nm, PAH with 2 or 3 aromatic rings can fluoresce between 300-350 nm while PAHs of 4 rings or more can exhibit fluorescence in the range 300-700 nm.…”

Section: Simultaneous Oh and Pah Lif Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers have investigated experimentally the addition of secondary gases (hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon) to hydrocarbon flames to reduce PAH formation [10,11,[19][20][21][22][23] and soot [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrogen-enriched methane diffusion flames

Ezenwajiaku

Talibi

Doan

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the carcinogenic components of soot. Detailed understanding of PAH formation characteristics is required for development of effective strategies to curtail PAH formation and reduce soot in combustion devices. This study presents an experimental methodology to analyse PAH formation characteristics of a non-premixed methane-air flame with and without hydrogen (H2) addition, using simultaneous planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of PAH and hydroxyl radical (OH). OH PLIF was used to represent peak temperature regions in the flame front. One-dimensional, opposed-jet laminar non-premixed flame simulations were also carried out for the same fuel mixture conditions. This work describes comparison of trends from both sets of studies. PAH fluorescence intensity values were observed to increase with increasing height above burner, however this rate of increase reduced with H2 addition. This observed rate of change in PAH fluorescence (that is, PAH growth characteristics) is indicative of the sooting potential of the fuel mixture. PAH fluorescence from experiments and PAH concentration from simulation show strong reduction with increase in H2 addition. The percentage reduction in PAH fluorescence signal with H2 addition closer to the burner tip was of a similar magnitude to that observed with flame simulations. The reduction in PAH with H2 addition could be attributed to the reduction in acetylene and propargyl concentrations, and reduced H-abstraction rates, which reduced the availability of active sites for PAH growth. The proposed experimental methodology for PAH measurements can be readily applied to any fuel mixtures.

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Section: Simultaneous Oh and Pah Lif Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simultaneous Oh and Pah Lif Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrogen-enriched methane diffusion flames

Ezenwajiaku

Talibi

Doan

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Studies on the fundamental combustion system of the butanol. [109][110][111][112][113][114] Author Singh et al 110,111 n/iso/sec/tert-Butanol and the gasoline-diesel flame may not occur as synergistic as in the methane laminar diffusion flame. Liu et al 114 studied the effect of n-butanol addition on the formation of soot in a gasoline laminar diffusion flame by TC-LII technology and constructed a semi-detailed mechanism of n-butanol-TRF-PAHs for chemical kinetics analysis.…”

Section: Research On Butanol In Fundamental Combustion Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results are different in different combustion modes. Singh and colleagues 110,111 found that the butane isomer produced more soot than the butanol isomer in the atmospheric non-premixed counterflow flame due to the action of the OH group. They also pointed out that in addition to C 3 H 3 , C 2 H 2 also plays an important role in the formation and growth of PAHs.…”

Section: Butanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alcohol addition to traditional fuels on soot formation: A review

Hua

Liu

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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Soot is one of the main pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, which poses a serious threat to human health and the urban environment. Alcohols have been generally considered to be a potential clean fuel to reduce soot emissions. At present, alcohol fuels represented by methanol, ethanol, butanol and pentanol have been extensively studied and have made remarkable progress. Therefore, this article is written as a broad overview of the subject. The effects of methanol, ethanol, butanol and pentanol additions on the formations of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were systematically summarized from the two aspects of the internal combustion engine bench and the fundamental combustion system. These studies have shown a decreasing or synergistic effect of alcohols addition on soot formation and initially revealed the mechanism of soot formation. However, the formation mechanism of soot in complex environments and the mechanism of the effects of alcohols on soot still need to be studied in depth, which can provide more opportunities for humans to reduce soot production during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Finally, some challenges and research suggestions are outlined in the last section of this review.

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Experimental Investigation of Soot Production and Oxidation in a Lab-Scale Rich–Quench–Lean (RQL) Burner

Helou

Skiba

Mastorakos

2020

Flow Turbulence Combust

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Swirl-stabilized, turbulent, non-premixed ethylene-air flames at atmospheric pressure with downstream radially-injected dilution air were investigated from the perspective of soot emissions. The velocity and location of the dilution air jets were systematically varied while the global equivalence ratio was kept constant at 0.3. The employed laser diagnostics included 5 kHz planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH, 10 Hz PAH-PLIF, and 10 Hz laser-induced incandescence (LII) imaging of soot particles. OH-PLIF images showed that the reaction zone widens with dilution, and that regions with high OH-LIF signal shift from the shear layer to the axis of the burner as dilution increases. Dilution is effective at mitigating soot formation within the central recirculation zone (CRZ), as evident by the smaller PAH-containing regions and the much weaker LII signal. Dilution is also effective at halting PAH and soot propagation downstream of the dilution air injection point. The high momentum dilution air circulates upstream to the root of the flame and reduces fuel penetration lengths, induces fast mixing, and increases velocities within the CRZ. Soot intermittency increased with high dilution velocities and dilution jet distances up to two bluff body diameters from the burner inlet, with detection probabilities of < 5% compared to 50% without dilution. These results reveal that soot formation and oxidation within the RQL are dependant on the amount and location of dilution air injected. This data can be used to validate turbulent combustion models for soot.

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PAH formation in counterflow non-premixed flames of butane and butanol isomers

Cited by 49 publications

References 84 publications

Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrogen-enriched methane diffusion flames

Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrogen-enriched methane diffusion flames

Effects of alcohol addition to traditional fuels on soot formation: A review

Experimental Investigation of Soot Production and Oxidation in a Lab-Scale Rich–Quench–Lean (RQL) Burner

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