PAHs in Sediments: Unmixing and CMB Modeling of Sources

Christensen, E. R.; Rachdawong, Pichaya; Karls, Jay F.; Camp, Ryan P. Van

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1999)125:11(1022)

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Mean ratio values (± SD ) for Flu/Pyr and Phe/Ant are 1.47 ± 0.27 and 2.32 ± 1.89 for aggregate Nova Scotia SCH sediment data, respectively. On the basis of calculated mean ratio values alone, NS sediments align most closely to literature sources of coal tar (Neff, ) and highway dust (Christensen, Rachdawong, Karls, & Van Camp, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Estimating PAH sources in harbor sediments using diagnostic ratios

Davis

Walker

Adams

et al. 2019

Remediation Journal

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the global environment and are subsequently transported into aquatic sediments. As PAHs are formed by various processes, source identification using diagnostic ratios can provide insight to PAH emission sources to distinguish between pyrogenic and petrogenic PAH sources. PAH diagnostic ratios were applied as a forensic source apportionment technique to assess aggregate historical sediment data from 31 small craft harbors (SCHs) across Nova Scotia, Canada. Multiple diagnostic ratios suggest that PAHs present in Nova Scotia SCH sediments are pyrogenic (combustion) in origin, while consistently suggesting that coal‐related PAH sources are potential dominant specific sources. National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) were used as reference for coal tar, urban dust, and diesel exhaust particulates in ratio applications. The SRM for coal tar was most similar to Nova Scotia SCH sediments in multiple ratio applications. Diagnostic ratio results were corroborated by comparing the PAH profile of sediments to source profiles from the literature. Results indicate that Nova Scotia SCH sediments follow global trends by exhibiting a dominant pyrogenic PAH signature, and the specific coal‐related PAH signature of Nova Scotia SCH sediments may be influenced by contamination inputs related to historical industrial coal mining and combustion activities in the province.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Estimating PAH sources in harbor sediments using diagnostic ratios

Davis

Walker

Adams

et al. 2019

Remediation Journal

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“…CMB modeling was used to apportion PAHs in southern Lake Michigan sediments, following applications performed previously (Christensen et al, 1999; Li et al, 2003; Van Metre and Mahler, 2010). This approach assumes that the concentration of each chemical species measured at a receptor is linear combination of the contributions from various sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), nitro-PAHs, and hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments of southern Lake Michigan, USA

Huang

Chernyak

Batterman

2014

Science of The Total Environment

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PAHs in the Great Lakes basin are of concern due to their toxicity and persistence in bottom sediments. Their nitro derivatives, nitro-PAHs (NPAHs), which can have stronger carcinogenic and mutagenic activity than parent PAHs, may follow similar transport routes and also are accumulated in sediments. Limited information exists regarding the current distribution, trends and loadings of these compounds, especially NPAHs, in Lake Michigan sediments. This study characterizes PAHs, NPAHs, and biomarkers steranes and hopanes in surface sediments collected at 24 offshore sites in southern Lake Michigan. The ΣPAH14 (sum of 14 compounds) ranged from 213 to 1291 ng/g dry weight (dw) across the sites, levels that are 2 to 10 times lower than those reported 20 to 30 years earlier. Compared to consensus-based sediment quality guidelines, PAH concentrations suggest very low risk to benthic organisms. The ΣNPAH5 concentration ranged from 2.9 to 18.6 ng/g dw, and included carcinogenic compounds 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene. ΣSterane6 and ΣHopane5 concentrations ranged from 6.2 to 36 and 98 to 355 ng/g dw, respectively. Based on these concentrations, Lake Michigan is approximately receiving 11, 0.16, 0.25 and 3.6 metric tons per year (t/yr) of ΣPAH14, ΣNPAH5, ΣSterane6 and ΣHopane5, respectively. Maps of OC-adjusted concentrations display that concentrations decline with increasing off-shore distance. The major sources of PAHs and NPAHs are pyrogenic in nature, based on diagnostic ratios. Using chemical mass balance models, sources were apportioned to emissions from diesel engines (56±18%), coal power plants (27±14%), coal-tar pavement sealants (16±11%), and coke ovens (7±12%). The biomarkers identify a combination of petrogenic and biogenic sources, with the southern end of the lake more impacted by petroleum. This first report of NPAHs levels in sediments of Lake Michigan reveals several carcinogenic compounds at modest concentrations, and a need for further work to assess potential risks to aquatic organisms.

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“…The basic idea of the CMB model is that the measured chemical pollutants in a sample are the sums of the contributions from several sources (Li et al, 2001;. However, only relative compound concentrations in a source or a sample profile (e.g., normalized with BeP, or any other PAH compound) are important (Christensen et al, 1999). Difficulties were often associated with the GC separation of BbF and BkF.…”

Section: Chemical Mass Balance (Cmb) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Bortey-Sam

Ikenaka

Nakayama

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

103

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As a developing country, the economic and population growth rates in Ghana over the past few years have seen tremendous increase. The growing rate of industrialization is gradually leading to contamination and deterioration of the environment and pollution is likely to reach disturbing levels. Surface soil samples were collected randomly from 36 communities in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana, to determine the concentrations, distribution, sources and toxic potential of emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) since no such comprehensive study has been conducted. The mean concentration of total PAHs in the surface soils in each community ranged from 14.78 at Ahinsan to 2084 ng/g dry weight at Adum with an average of 442.5 ± 527.2 ng/g dry weight. Diagnostic ratios and chemical mass balance models of the results showed that PAHs in surface soil samples from the study area were mainly from fuel combustion.Carcinogenic potency of PAHs load from the city centre was approximately 150 times higher as compared to a pristine site, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology's Botanical Garden. BaP, a human carcinogen, contributed 70% of the total PAHs toxicity level from the city centre of Kumasi.

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PAHs in Sediments: Unmixing and CMB Modeling of Sources

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Estimating PAH sources in harbor sediments using diagnostic ratios

Estimating PAH sources in harbor sediments using diagnostic ratios

PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), nitro-PAHs, and hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments of southern Lake Michigan, USA

Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

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