PAHs/NPAHs

Tang, Ning

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6775-4_3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…PAHs are a group of chemical compounds consisting of benzene rings of carbon with hydrogen. In its NPAH form, nitrogen can be substituted for carbon atoms in the aromatic ring (Tang, 2018). PAHs occur not only on Earth, but throughout the universe.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Detectability Limit of Organic Molecules Within Mars South Polar Laboratory Analogs

et al. 2021

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Our neighboring planet, Mars, has increasingly been the target of scientific exploration and of particular interest are its geological history, current environmental conditions, and perhaps most importantly, its potential as a host for extraterrestrial life (Fairén et al., 2010). The polar caps of Mars have more recently emerged as an area of scientific interest due to their abundance of water ice and their dynamic nature, especially with the discovery of a possible stable body of liquid water beneath the Martian South Pole (Orosei et al., 2018). The Martian North and South Pole have permanent ice caps that expand throughout their respective winters, and maintain residual caps in the summer. The North Polar Cap is composed almost entirely of water ice, while the longer, colder winter in the higher altitude southern hemisphere means that the central part Abstract A series of laboratory experiments was carried out in order to generate a diagnostic spectrum for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of astrobiological interest in the context of the Martian South Polar Residual Cap (SPRC), to establish PAH spectral features more easily detectable in CO 2 ice (mixed with small amounts of H 2 O ice) than the previously reported absorption feature at 3.29 µm in order to constrain their detectability limit. There is currently no existing literature on PAH detection within SPRC features, making this work novel and impactful given the recent discovery of a possible subglacial lake beneath the Martian South Pole. Although they have been detected in Martian meteorites, PAHs have not been detected yet on Mars, possibly due to the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation on the surface of the planet. SPRC features may provide protection to fragile molecules, and this work seeks to provide laboratory data to improve interpretation of orbital remote sensing spectroscopic imaging data. We also ascertain the effect of CO 2 ice sublimation on organic spectra, as well as provide PAH reference spectra in mixtures relevant to Mars. A detectability limit of ∼0.04% has been recorded for observing PAHs in CO 2 ice using laboratory instrument parameters emulating those of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, with new spectral slope features revealed between 0.7 and 1.1 µm, and absorption features at 1.14 and most sensitively, at 1.685 µm. Mars regolith analog mixed with a concentration of 1.5% PAHs resulted in no discernible organic spectral features. These detectability limits measured in the laboratory are discussed and extrapolated to the effective conditions on the Mars South Polar Cap in terms of dust and water ice abundance and CO 2 ice grain size for both the main perennial cap and the H 2 O ice-dust sublimation lag deposit.Plain Language Summary Carbon molecule chains, or organics, are considered important in the search for life, as all life that we know of on Earth is made from carbon. A particular type of organic, PAHs, that are really common on Earth and throughout space, have never been found on Mars ...

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Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Detectability Limit of Organic Molecules Within Mars South Polar Laboratory Analogs

et al. 2021

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“…It affects more people than any other pollutions (7). Because i) the impact of most particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contained in PM2.5 against people healthiness is mentioned (8) ii) the particles with a diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns (PM10 and PM2.5) can penetrate deeper into the lungs and could be absorbed directly into blood circulation, respectively, thus chronic exposure to PM might enhance the risk of respiratory abnormalities, including lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases, respectively (3,(9)(10)(11)(12). The major components of PM are PAHs, NPAHs, sulfate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, and mineral dust (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

The influence of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in FcgRIIb -/- lupus mice

Udompornpitak¹

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The activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) through polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the major components of particulate matter at 2.5 micron (PM2.5) in the polluted air, might aggravate inflammation and lupus activity. Hence, 1,4-chrysenequinone (1,4-CQ), a substance in the PAHs group, was tested in a lupus model from FcgRIIb deficiency (FcgRIIb-/-) using macrophages and mice. Although the activation by 1,4-CQ alone was unable to induce inflammation, the pre-conditioning by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a representative inflammatory-activator, before 1,4-CQ (LPS/1,4-CQ) induced more predominant inflammation in macrophages when compared with LPS or 1,4-CQ activation alone as determined by supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10). Additionally, the activation in FcgRIIb-/- macrophages induce the more prominent inflammation than the wild-type (WT) cells, as determined by supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10), expression of inflammatory-genes (NF-κB, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, iNOS, IL-1β) and cell-surface CD-86, possibly due to the lack of inhibitory-FcgRIIb. Moreover, 8-wk-administration of 1,4-CQ started in 8-week-old FcgRIIb-/- mice, a genetic-prone lupus model, enhanced lupus severity as indicated by anti-dsDNA, serum creatinine, proteinuria, endotoxemia, and gut-leakage (FITC-dextran). In conclusion, the Ahr activation by PAHs worsened lupus severity in FcgRIIb-/- mice possibly through the increased inflammatory responses due to the loss of the inhibitory-FcgRIIb. These data suggest that patients with lupus are possibly more vulnerable to the air pollution than the healthy persons.

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PAHs/NPAHs

Cited by 2 publications

References 76 publications

The Detectability Limit of Organic Molecules Within Mars South Polar Laboratory Analogs

The Detectability Limit of Organic Molecules Within Mars South Polar Laboratory Analogs

The influence of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in FcgRIIb -/- lupus mice

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