Paid maternity leave and childhood vaccination uptake: Longitudinal evidence from 20 low-and-middle-income countries

Hajizadeh, Mohammad; Heymann, Jody; Strumpf, Erin; Harper, Sam; Nandi, Arijit

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.008

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…One previous work 10 described the association of paid leave and vaccination among employees, rather than that among employees’ children. Three other studies 11,12,14 looked at the effect of maternity leave on the uptake of vaccines recommended for newborns and infants. There is little available information on the relationship between parental leave and vaccination among young children more than 1-year-old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Children’s Up-to-Date Vaccination Status

Chen

Elam–Evans

Hill

et al. 2016

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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This study examined whether additional information on parents’ employment and household characteristics would help explain the differences in children’s UTD vaccination status using the 2008 National Immunization Survey and its associated Socioeconomic Status Module. After controlling for basic sociodemographic factors in multivariable analyses, parent’s work schedules and ease of taking time off from work were not associated with UTD vaccination status among 19- to 35-month-old children. We also conducted a stratified analysis to test the heterogeneous effects of the factors among children at three age-restricted maternal education levels and found the benefit of paid sick leave had a significant association only among families where the mother had a college degree. Families who had moved since the child’s birth, especially if the mother had high school or lower education, were less likely to have children UTD on the vaccine series.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Children’s Up-to-Date Vaccination Status

Chen

Elam–Evans

Hill

et al. 2016

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…Mothers' involvements in these income generating activities, coupled with the workload, inhibit them from taking care of their children's health, and from respecting vaccination schedules [8]. Far from this assertion are studies that have shown that remunerated maternity leave permitted the increase in vaccination coverage [13]. However, maternal occupation was not the only factor influencing vaccination irregularity; others included socio-demographic factors, and perception which negatively influenced children's vaccination [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé

Félicitée¹,

Tassadong²,

Dongmo³

et al. 2016

WJV

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Background: The job of mothers though having a positive impact on the family could be detrimental to children's health due to her unavailability. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to August 2014. Mothers of children aged 11 -48 months were interviewed to determine factors which could influence the vaccination of their children. Results: A total of 265 mothers were interviewed. Despite their occupations, they completely vaccinated all of their children. The vaccination coverage of tracer antigens (third dose of DPT/HiB/HepB) was high 97.7% as well as the proportion of children completely vaccinated (91.7%). A mastery of the vaccination calendar of the site, and resumption of activities when the children were more than 4 months old, significantly influenced the completion of vaccination. Only 6 children (2.3%) were not correctly or incompletely vaccinated. The reason given by their mothers were: the lack of time (45.0%), the adverse effects of vaccines (27.0%), forgetfulness (18%), and shortage of vaccines supplies (5.0%). Conclusions: Occupation was not a hindrance to the vaccination of children of live-stock retailers. The problem of absent or incomplete vaccination could be overcome by improving the strategies of social mobilisation, permitting the sensitisation of mothers hesitant to vaccinate their children. A regular supply of vaccines will reduce the missed opportunities, thus maintaining high vaccination coverage in this social group.

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“…Maternity protection policies that include paid maternity leave are crucial to ensure the health of mothers and children and that women meet their breastfeeding goals [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Maternity protection allows mothers to be economically active while ensuring the safety and success of their pregnancy, and caregiving of their children, including breastfeeding [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such benefits include alleviating the costs of sickness, cognitive losses and deaths due to not breastfeeding [4][5][6]14]. Providing paid maternity leave entitlement for working women may also be useful to improve maternal-child physical and mental health and family wellbeing, and also to potentially increase women's participation in the labour market [8,11,12,15,16]. Studies have indeed shown that paid maternity leave may improve breastfeeding outcomes; mothers receiving paid leave for more time, breastfeeding longer [9,11,[17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The annual cost of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia 

Siregar

Pitriyan

Hardiawan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5–9.4 billion annually, the highest in South East Asia. Half of the 33.6 million working women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia (15-49 years) are informal employees, meaning they are working as casual workers or they are self-employed (small scale business) and assisted by unpaid/family worker(s). No specific maternity protection entitlements are currently available for WRA working informally in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the cost of providing maternity leave cash transfer (MCT) for WRA working in the informal sector in Indonesia.MethodThe costing methodology used is the adapted version of the World Bank methodology by Vilar-Compte et al (2019), following pre-set steps to estimate costs using national secondary data. We used the 2018 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey to estimate the number of women working informally who gave birth within the last year. The population covered, potential cash transfer’s unitary cost, the incremental coverage of the policy in terms of time and coverage, and the administrative costs were used to estimate the cost of MCT for the informal sector. ResultAt 100% coverage for 13 weeks of leave, the annual cost of MCT ranged from US$175million (US$152/woman) to US$669million (US$583/woman). The share of the annual costs did not exceed 0.5% of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP).ConclusionThe yearly cost of providing MCT for eligible WRA working in the informal sector is economically attractive as it amounts to less than 0.5% of GDP nominal of Indonesia. While such a program would be perceived as a marked increase from current public health spending at the onset, such an investment could substantially contribute to the success of breastfeeding and substantial corresponding public health savings given that more than half of working Indonesian WRA are employed in the informal sector. Such policies should be further explored while taking into consideration realistic budget constraints and implementation capacity.

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Paid maternity leave and childhood vaccination uptake: Longitudinal evidence from 20 low-and-middle-income countries

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Employment and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Children’s Up-to-Date Vaccination Status

Employment and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Children’s Up-to-Date Vaccination Status

Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé

The annual cost of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia

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Paid maternity leave and childhood vaccination uptake: Longitudinal evidence from 20 low-and-middle-income countries

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Employment and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Children’s Up-to-Date Vaccination Status

Employment and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Children’s Up-to-Date Vaccination Status

Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaound&#233;

The annual cost of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia&nbsp;

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Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé

The annual cost of providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia