PAID-PL—The Polish Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale: Perfect Reliability and a One-Factor Structure

Cichoń, Ewelina; Kiejna, Andrzej; Gondek, T.M.; Obrębski, Marcin; Sutkowska, Edyta; Lloyd, Cathy E.; Sartorius, Norman; Kokoszka, Andrzej

doi:10.2147/dmso.s322850

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The AR-PAID displayed moderate correlation with the GAD-7, which was similar to what was found in an Australian study (52). The AR-PAID correlated moderately and negatively with the WHO-5, and those results were consistent with those found in validation studies of the Turkish and Polish versions of the PAID (24,32).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Convergent validity of the total AR-PAID scale was supported by the moderate-to-strong positive correlations with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores, by the strong negative correlation with the WHO-5 score, and by the weak positive correlation with HbA1c levels. The AR-PAID displayed strong correlation with the PHQ-9, whereas both previous studies found moderate correlation with the PHQ-9 (32,51,52). The AR-PAID displayed moderate correlation with the GAD-7, which was similar to what was found in an Australian study (52).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…We found older people with T2DM showed significantly higher diabetes-distress scores than other age groups, which might have been explained by how older people reported being usually concerned about the presence and seriousness of diabetes-related complications, dealing with complications, and controlling diabetes, as well as being anxious and having guilty sensations if they are not able to achieve good glycemic targets. However, other studies found that younger patients had higher scores on the PAID (19,20,24,32). Female patients had significantly higher AR-PAID total scores than male patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Our CFA was inadequately fit with one-factor and two-factor models. A one-factor structure had been found in the original version of the PAID, which was demonstrated by Welch et al in addition to the Brazilian, Taiwanese, and Polish versions of the PAID (13,20,23,32). A two-factor structure was reported in the Icelandic and Turkish versions of the PAID (21, 24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Interest in diabetes-distress across countries through the previous two decades means that versions in multiple languages of the PAID instruments are not only desirable, but also necessary in order to compare the findings about diabetes-distress from different languages, cultures, and societies, in addition to the improvement of diabetic care. The original PAID has been translated into several languages successfully, and these versions of it are reliable and valid instruments (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care

Ahmed

Mohamed

Elotla

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale is a reliable and valid tool that is widely used for diabetes-distress screening, but the Arabic version of the scale lacks validity and reliability analysis in primary healthcare (PHC) patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PAID (AR-PAID) scale among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in PHC settings.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on a convenience sample of 200 patients from six rural PHC settings in the Ismailia governorate. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the goodness-of-fit to the predefined models of the PAID. Convergent construct was evaluated through correlations with the Arabic versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), additionally glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Discriminant validity was evaluated through associations with patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC).ResultsThe CFA demonstrated the best fit for a four-factor model. The AR-PAID was significantly correlated with the following measures: PHQ-9 (rho = 0.71, p < 0.001), GAD-7 (rho = 0.50, p < 0.001), WHO-5 (rho = −0.69, p < 0.001), and HbA1c (rho = 0.36, p < 0.001), supporting sound convergent validity. Discriminant validity was satisfactory demonstrated. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability was stable (ICC = 0.97).ConclusionsThe AR-PAID scale is a valid and reliable instrument for diabetes-distress screening in primary care patients with T2DM that can be used in clinical settings and research. Further research is needed to validate short forms of the AR-PAID scale.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care

Ahmed

Mohamed

Elotla

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Patient-reported outcome measures for assessing health-related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Langendoen-Gort

Groeneveld

Prinsen

et al. 2022

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are important tools to assess outcomes relevant to patients, with Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) as an important construct to be measured. Many different HRQOL PROMs are used in the type 2 diabetes field, however a complete overview of these PROMs is currently lacking. We therefore aimed to systematically describe and classify the content of all PROMs that have specifically been developed or validated to measure (aspects of) HRQOL in people with type 2 diabetes. A literature search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE until 31 December 2021. Studies on the development or validation of a PROM measuring HRQOL, or aspects of HRQOL, in people with type 2 diabetes were included. Title and abstract and full-text screening were conducted by two independent researchers and data extraction was performed independently by one of the researchers. Data were extracted on language in which the PROM was developed, target population, construct(s) being measured, names of (sub)scales and number of items per (sub)scale. In addition, all PROMs and subscales were classified according to specific aspects of HRQOL based on the Wilson & Cleary model (symptom status, functional status, general health perceptions) to aid researchers in PROM selection. In total 220 studies were identified that developed or validated PROMs that measure (aspects of) HRQOL in people with type 2 diabetes. Of the 116 unique HRQOL PROMs, 91 (of the subscales) measured symptom status, 60 measured functional status and 26 measured general health perceptions. In addition, 16 of the PROMs (subscales) measured global quality of life. 61 of the 116 PROMs (subscales) also include characteristics of the individual (e.g. aspects of personality, coping) or environment (e.g. social or financial support) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs, e.g. measure of a patient's perception of their personal experience of the healthcare they have received, e.g. treatment satisfaction), which are not part of the HRQOL construct. Only 9 of the 116 PROMs measure all aspects of HRQOL based on the Wilson & Cleary model. Finally, 8 of the 116 PROMs stating to measure HRQOL, measured no HRQOL construct. In conclusion, a large number of PROMs are available for people with type 2 diabetes, which intend to measure (aspects of) HRQOL. These PROMs measure a large variety of (sub)constructs, which are not all HRQOL constructs, with a small amount of PROMs not measuring HRQOL at all. There is a need for consensus on which aspects of HRQOL should be measured in people with type 2 diabetes and which PROMs to use in research and daily practice. PROSPERO: CRD42017071012. COMET database: http://www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/956.

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Validation of Chinese version of the 5-item WHO well-being index in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Du,

Jiang,

Lloyd

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background For better disease management and improved prognosis, early identification of co-morbid depression in diabetic patients is warranted. the WHO-5 well-being index (WHO-5) has been used to screen for depression in diabetic patients, and its Chinese version (WHO-5-C) has been validated. However, its psychometric properties remain to be further validated in the type 2 diabetes patient population. The aim of our study was to examine the reliability and validity of the WHO-5-C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients from July 2014 to March 2015. All patients should complete the WHO-5-C, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID-20), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Internal consistency of WHO-5 was revealed by Cronbach’s alpha, and constructive validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Relationship with PHQ-9, HAM-D, and PAID-20 was examined for concurrent validity, and ROC analysis was performed for criterion validity. Results The WHO-5-C presented satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88). CFA confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of WHO-5-C. The WHO-5-C had significant negative correlation with HAM-D (r = -0.610), PHQ-9 (r = -0.694) and PAID-20 (r = -0.466), confirming good concurrent validity. Using M.I.N.I as the gold standard, the cut-off value of WHO-5-C was 42, with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.75. Conclusion The WHO-5-C holds satisfactory reliability and validity that is suitable for depression screening in type 2 diabetes patients as a short and convenient instrument.

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PAID-PL—The Polish Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale: Perfect Reliability and a One-Factor Structure

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care

Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care

Patient-reported outcome measures for assessing health-related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Validation of Chinese version of the 5-item WHO well-being index in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

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