Pain and stress after vaginal delivery: characteristics at hospital discharge and associations with parity

Zanardo, Vincenzo; Parotto, Matteo; Manghina, Valeria; Giliberti, Lara; Volpe, Francesca; Severino, Lorenzo; Straface, Gianluca

doi:10.1080/01443615.2019.1672140

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This nding was supported by the studies done in Brazil (42,43) and Turkey (44). Besides this, other studies conclude that post-natal perineal pain is signi cantly associated with primiparous women at the time of hospital-home discharge (26,33,41,45,46). Therefore, it may be possible to support and be aware of the problematic ways that pain and stress are related to parity, such as the management of anxiety including meditation, relaxation therapy, and individualization of privacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In this study, primiparous women who had vaginal deliveries 3.2 times on day one and 2.6 times on day three had a signi cant association with moderate to severe postnatal perineal pain as compared to those with a multiparous woman. Possible reasons: some postnatal perineal pain following vaginal delivery in primiparous women is associated with high pain scores (41), perineum exposure to tears, surgical episiotomy, and instrumental delivery. This nding was supported by the studies done in Brazil (42,43) and Turkey (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postnatal perineal pain after vaginal delivery in comprehensive and specialised hospitals in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, April to June, 2023

Yimam,

Melkie,

Agengehu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Millions of women suffer from perineal trauma during childbirth which is the most common cause of postnatal compliant that lasts for hours, days, weeks, or even months. It is the most common source of postnatal morbidity. Hypothesis: There is not clinically significant postnatal perineal pain after vaginal deliveries Objective:The objective of this study was to determine postnatal perineal pain and associated factors among women who had vaginal deliveries. Methods: A multicentre prospective follow-up study was conducted, including a total of 374 women who delivered vaginally at comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, from April 1 to June 30, 2023. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select the samples. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to determine the incidence of moderate to severe perineal pain, and the association was presented as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. All p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The final data analysis includes 356 women out of 374 with a 95% response rate. The incidence of moderate to severe pain was 213 (59.8%) [95%, CI =54.8-65.4], 126 (35.4%) [95%, CI =30.6-39.9], and 30 (8.4%) [95%, CI =5.6-11.8] at days one, three and seven respectively. On postnatal day one, higher level of education [AOR =3.62, 95%, CI (0.99-13.08)], primiparity [AOR =3.22, 95%, CI=1.91-5.42)], episiotomy [AOR =11.90, 95%, CI=5.98-23.75)], and instrumental delivery [AOR =4.54, 95%, CI=1.593-12.91)] were significantly associated with postnatal perineal pain. On the 3rd postnatal day, primiparous [AOR =2.66, 95 %, CI=1.57-4.50)], first degree tear [AOR =7.98,95%,CI=3.06-20.77)], 2nd degree tear [AOR =12.48,95%, CI=4.9031.79)], and 3rd to 4th degree tear [AOR =10.13,95%,CI=3.013-34.04)] were again significantly associated with postnatal perineal pain. On the seventh postnatal day, Episiotomy [AOR =9.76, 95%, CI=2.19-43.54)], 2nd degree tear [AOR =5.51, 95%, CI=1.024-29.618)], and 3rd -4th degree tear [AOR =8.75,95%, CI=1.325-7.822)] were also had a significant association with postnatal perineal pain.. Conclusion: The incidence of moderate to severe postnatal perineal pain remains high. Based on this result, we recommend health care providers consider and act accordingly to prevent and treat postnatal perineal pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal perineal pain after vaginal delivery in comprehensive and specialised hospitals in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, April to June, 2023

Yimam,

Melkie,

Agengehu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…It is intended to be an indicator of the current experience of stress, as opposed to a marker of symptoms of depression or anxiety [39]. In recent years, the PSM has been used in different study contexts [40][41][42][43][44][45]. Developed by Lemyre and Tessier, this unidimensional scale addresses three distinctive domains of stress: cognitiveaffective, somatic, and behavioral [39,46,47].…”

Section: Psychological Stress Measure (Psm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific association of high maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on newborn birthweight

et al. 2022

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Birthweight is an important predictor of newborn health and has been linked to maternal psychological stress during pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether prenatal stress affects birthweight similarly for both male and female infants. We used a well-established pregnancy cohort to investigate the impact of high maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on birthweight as a function of infant sex. Overall, 5702 mother-newborn pairs were analysed. Of these, 198 mothers reported high levels of stress using the Psychological Stress Measure (nine-items version; PSM-9). Maternal psychological stress was assessed between the 24th and 28th week of gestation and analyses were performed jointly and independently as a function of neonatal sex (separate analyses for male and female infants). Newborns exposed to high maternal psychological stress during pregnancy (a score above 26 measured using the PSM-9 questionnaire, corresponding to >97.5th percentile) were compared to newborns of mothers who reported lower stress. ANCOVAs revealed that high levels of maternal stress during pregnancy were linked to infant birthweight as a function of infant sex. Male infants of mothers who reported high levels of stress had a greater birthweight whereas female infants had a lower birthweight under the same conditions, in comparison to mothers who did not report greater levels of stress. Although the effect size is small, these results underline the possibility that male and female fetuses may use different strategies when adapting to maternal adversity and highlight the need to consider infant sex as a moderator of the association between maternal psychological stress during pregnancy and infant birthweight.

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Inequities in Inpatient Obstetrics Pain Management and Evaluation: Age, Race, Mental Health, and Obesity

Wang

Worly

2023

Matern Child Health J

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Pain and stress after vaginal delivery: characteristics at hospital discharge and associations with parity

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Postnatal perineal pain after vaginal delivery in comprehensive and specialised hospitals in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, April to June, 2023

Postnatal perineal pain after vaginal delivery in comprehensive and specialised hospitals in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, April to June, 2023

Sex-specific association of high maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on newborn birthweight

Inequities in Inpatient Obstetrics Pain Management and Evaluation: Age, Race, Mental Health, and Obesity

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