Pain associated with the musculoskeletal system in children from Warsaw schools

Słowińska, Iwona; Kwiatkowska, Małgorzata; Jednacz, Ewa; Mańczak, Małgorzata; Rutkowska-Sak, Lidia; Raciborski, Filip

doi:10.5114/reum.2015.53135

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Another issue in relation to heterogeneity is that there are challenges with use of questionnaires within this age group. In seven of the 19 general population studies, questionnaires or text messages were answered by parents [ 14 , 39 , 40 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 53 ]. Therefore, the concordance between parents’ and children’s reporting is important to understand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal extremity complaints in children and adolescents. A systematic review

Fuglkjær

Dissing

Hestbæk

2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundIt is difficult to gain an overview of musculoskeletal extremity complaints in childhood although this is essential to develop evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies. The objectives of this systematic review were therefore to describe the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal extremity complaints in children and adolescents in both general and clinical populations in relation to age, anatomical site and mode of onset.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were electronically searched; risk of bias was assessed; and data extraction was individually performed by two authors.ResultsIn total, 19 general population studies and three clinical population studies were included with children aged 0-19 years. For most of the analyses, a division between younger children aged 0-12 years, and older children aged 10-19 years was used. Lower extremity complaints were more common than upper extremity complaints regardless of age and type of population, with the most frequent pain site changing from ankle/foot in the youngest to knee in the oldest. There were about twice as many non-traumatic as traumatic complaints in the lower extremities, whereas the opposite relationship was found for the upper extremities in the general population studies. There were relatively more lower extremity complaints in the general population studies than in the clinical population studies. The review showed no pattern of differences in reporting between studies of high and low risk of bias.ConclusionsThis review shows that musculoskeletal complaints are more frequent in the lower extremities than in the upper extremities in childhood, and there are indications of a large amount of non-traumatic low intensity complaints in the population that do not reach threshold for consultation. A meta-analysis, or even a simple overall description of prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal extremity complaints in children and adolescents was not feasible, due to a large variety in the studies, primarily related to outcome measurements.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-017-1771-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal extremity complaints in children and adolescents. A systematic review

Fuglkjær

Dissing

Hestbæk

2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…In this analysis, the prevalence of back pain was 10.0–76.2% in 17 studies 3,21–23,25,29,30,114,119,126,128–134 (Table 4), neck pain was 5.0–49.0% in 15 studies, 28,29,113,114,119,122,125,127,135–141 shoulder pain was 9.6–48.0% in eight studies, 28,29,113,114,122,138,141,142 and spinal pain was 14.2–66.0% in six studies 116,118,139,143–145 . In studies where a breakdown of pain in different regions of the back was available, the prevalence of pain ranged from 4.0–57.0% for the lower back in 23 studies, 28,114,115,117,119–125,127,130,135–138,141,146–150 3.4–41.3% for the upper back in nine studies, 28,114,122,123,127,130,137,138,141 and 4–35% for the middle back in four studies 125,130,135,151 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Narrative review of the prevalence and distribution of acute pain in children in the self‐care setting

Shinde

Kanabar

Miles

2022

Paediatric and Neonatal Pain

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Acute pain among children is common, yet it may be underestimated and undertreated if the pain is not recognized. Assessing and managing pediatric pain can be complicated, and as such, measuring the prevalence of acute pain in children can be challenging. We sought to provide a consolidated review of the available data on the prevalence of commonly occurring acute pain in children in the self-care setting. An extensive literature search was performed to determine the prevalence of acute pain at multiple bodily locations in children aged between 3 months and 18 years. We considered the influence of age, sex, and sociodemographic factors on prevalence estimates. We also sought to identify some of the challenges involved in assessing and managing pediatric pain, thus shedding light on areas where there may be clinical and medical unmet needs. In general, a high prevalence of acute pain in children was detected, particularly headache, menstruation-related pain, and dental and back pain. Older age, female sex, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with increased pain prevalence. Risk factors were identified for all pain types and included psychological issues, stress, and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Owing to the heterogeneity in study populations, the prevalence estimates varied widely; there was also heterogeneity in the pain assessment tools utilized. The paucity of information regarding pain prevalence appears to be out of proportion with the burden of acute pain in children. This could indicate that clinicians may not be equipped with an optimal pain management strategy to guide their practice, especially regarding the use of developmentally appropriate pain assessment tools, without which prevalence data may not be captured. If acute pain is not accurately identified, it cannot be optimally treated.Further investigation is required to determine how the information from prevalence studies translates to the real-world setting.

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“…Both CPSP and persistent pain can have a deleterious impact on the expected functional outcomes of the surgery. Research in adults without disabilities has demonstrated that CPSP commonly interferes with activities of daily living, sleep, and quality of life 26 and impacts long‐term functional outcomes such as mobility and range of motion 27,28 . Not surprisingly, little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of persistent pain after surgery or how pain impacts functional outcomes in children with CP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research in adults without disabilities has demonstrated that CPSP commonly interferes with activities of daily living, sleep, and quality of life 26 and impacts long‐term functional outcomes such as mobility and range of motion. 27 , 28 Not surprisingly, little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of persistent pain after surgery or how pain impacts functional outcomes in children with CP. However, limited case series have demonstrated that pain following SEMLS procedures in patients with CP have negatively impacted their ability to comply with physiotherapy and their ability to bear weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and predictors of pain after orthopedic surgery and associated orthopedic outcomes in children with cerebral palsy

Boyer

Novaczyk

Novacheck

et al. 2021

Paediatric and Neonatal Pain

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While children with cerebral palsy (CP) may undergo 8‐22 orthopedic surgeries in their lifetime, little is known about the associated pain. We aimed to assess the pain presence before and one year after lower extremity orthopedic surgery, predictors of pain presence at follow‐up, and the association between pain and orthopedic outcomes related to surgery. This retrospective study included 86 children with CP (M age = 10.0 years, SD = 3.2; range = 4.1‐17.3 years, Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) level I‐III) who underwent orthopedic surgery and had completed questionnaires at gait analyses before (M = 2.7 months; range = 0.0‐5.7) and after surgery (M = 11.8 months; range = 9.0‐14.9). Pain presence, location, and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) scores were documented before and after surgery at gait analyses. Pain prevalence was 60% at baseline and 56% at follow‐up. Significant predictors of pain presence at follow‐up included (1) pain presence at baseline (range of odds ratios [OR] across any/all locations = 3.22 to 15.54), (2) older age (range of OR for any pain, back, knee, and foot pain = 1.24‐1.26), (3) female sex (decreased OR for males for ankle pain = 0.12), (4) having hip surgery (decreased OR for foot pain = 0.20), and (5) lower GMFCS level (OR for foot pain = 0.41). Changes in PODCI Sports and Physical Function scores were associated with changes in hip and knee pain (P < .03); PODCI scores worsened for patients who had pain at both time points and improved for patients who had pain at baseline but not follow‐up. Pain was present for over half of the participants before and after orthopedic surgery. Pain presence at follow‐up was predicted by pain presence at baseline. Pain and functional outcomes were correlated at follow‐up. Prospective studies examining perioperative pain experience and factors predicting pain outcomes are warranted.

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Pain associated with the musculoskeletal system in children from Warsaw schools

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal extremity complaints in children and adolescents. A systematic review

Prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal extremity complaints in children and adolescents. A systematic review

Narrative review of the prevalence and distribution of acute pain in children in the self‐care setting

Presence and predictors of pain after orthopedic surgery and associated orthopedic outcomes in children with cerebral palsy

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