“…Those with both disorders were more likely to report a history of physical/ sexual abuse, have a chronic medical condition, be older, have higher ratings of psychiatric distress and addiction severity, report more stressful life events, and have lower ratings of PA, social support, and confidence to cope with mental illness compared with persons with neither disorder. In prior studies, PTSD and chronic pain separately have shown associations with many of the factors found in the current study: physical/sexual abuse [26,41], chronic physical health problems [32,42], psychiatric or emotional distress [43][44], drug/alcohol use [45][46], ongoing stressful or traumatic life events [26,47], and lower social support [48][49]. In previous studies, chronic pain was associated with increased age [32] and lower PA [50]; therefore, that persons with both disorders in the current study demonstrated these characteristics is logical.…”