Pain in Infants Who Are Younger Than 2 Months During Suprapubic Aspiration and Transurethral Bladder Catheterization: A Randomized, Controlled Study

Abstract

In infants who are younger 2 months, suprapubic aspiration is more painful than transurethral catheterization. Health professionals should consider these differences when choosing a method for obtaining a urine sample from young infants.

Diagnosis and Management of an Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Young Children

“…In the previous technical report, SPA was reported to have success rates ranging from 23% to 90%, 22-24 although higher success rates have been achieved when SPA is conducted under ultrasonographic guidance. 25,26 SPA is considered more invasive than catheterization and, in RCTs from 2006 27 and 2010, 28 pain scores associated with SPA were significantly higher than those associated with catheterization. This result was found for both boys and girls.…”

“…Similar to previous studies, these RCTs also revealed lower success rates for SPA (66% and 60%), compared with catheterization (83% and 78%). 27,28 In comparison with SPA results, cultures of urine specimens obtained through catheterization are 95% sensitive and 99% specific. 7,11,12 Cultures of bag specimens are difficult to interpret.…”

Factors Affecting Nursing Interventions for Pain among Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…Staff were excluded if they worked less than 20 h per week or had worked for less than 12 months in their disciplinary area, and/or had a history of a neurological, psychiatric or pain-related illness for which they required regular medication. Based on the work of Kozer et al (27), a sample size of 25 in each group was required to detect a difference of two points on the Douleur Aigue Nouveau (DAN) pain scale (28) between the nurse and non-nurse groups, with a power of 0.80 and an α of 0.05. Twenty-five participants from both groups were randomly selected from lists provided by unit managers using a random numbers …”

Suprapubic Bladder Aspiration

“…Another consideration, however, is that suprapubic catheterization seems to be more painful than transurethral catheterization in infants younger than 2 months. 5 Diagnostic confirmation is not required, as this is the criterion standard test. Ultrasound guidance can be used in the case of an unsuccessful tap.…”