Pain Levels of Orthopedic Surgery Patients and Pain Perceptions of Their Relatives and Nurses

Abstract

ÖzetAmaç: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırma, ortopedik cerrahi hastalarında ağrının hasta yakını ile hemşire tarafından algılanışının incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini ortopedi kliniğinde yatan 150 hasta, hastaların yanındaki 150 hasta yakını ve hastanın bakımından sorumlu 50 hemşire oluşturdu. Her hemşire araştırmaya yalnızca üç kere katıldı. Ağrı düzeyi, Görsel Analog Skala ile değerlendirildi. Hasta yakını ve hemşirenin, hastanın ağrı skalasını görmemesi sağlandı. Verilerin değerlendiril-mesinde; yüzdelik, ortalama, standart sapma, Mann-Whitney-U, Eşleştirilmiş Örneklem t-Testi, Lineer Regresyon ve Spearman Korelasyon Analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hemşirelerin puan ortalamasının, hastaların puan ortalamasından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu (t=9.136, p<0.001); hasta yakını ile hastanın verdikleri puanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı saptandı. Regresyon analizinde; hasta yakınlarının, hastanın verdiği ağrı puanının yaklaşık %40'ını verirken, hemşirelerin %60 kadarını tahmin edebildiği saptandı. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin; ağrının hastadaki fiziksel ve emosyonel yansımalarını yorumlayabilmeleri için, ağrının fizyolojisi hakkın-da bilgilendirilmelerinin yanı sıra empatik becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik eğitimlerin planlanması gereklidir. Bununla birlikte hastayla çokça vakit geçiren hasta yakınının da; cerrahi girişim sonrası hastanın gösterebileceği ağrı davranışları konusunda bilgilendirilmesi önerilmektedir.Anahtar sözcükler: Hemşire; ortopedik cerrahi; ağrı şiddeti; ağrı algısı; hasta yakını. SummaryObjectives: This descriptive study investigated pain levels of orthopedic surgery patients, and how this pain is perceived by their relatives and nurses. Methods: The study was carried out with 150 patients, 150 relatives and 50 nurses to determine pain intensity levels of orthopedic surgery patients and perceptions of this among their relatives and nurses. Intensity of pain was measured on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale. Relatives and nurses were not allowed to see the patient's pain intensity score, and each nurse was allowed to participate in pain measurement three times. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the Mann Whitney-U test, Paired Sample t-Test, Linear Regression and Spearman Correlation Analysis. results: The pain intensity scores given by nurses (t=9.136, p<0.001) were significantly lower than patients' own scores. There was no significant difference between relatives' and patients' pain scores. In the regression analysis, pain intensity scores given by relatives were approximately 40% lower than those given by patients, while nurses' scores were approximately 60% lower. conclusion: Education on pain management and the physical and emotional reactions of patients to pain should be provided for nurses working in surgical clinics. Meanwhile, as those who spend most time with the patient, relatives should be informed about possible pain behaviors in the postoperative period in order to prepare them for the...

Association of preoperative pain beliefs with postoperative pain levels in abdominal surgery patients

“…The VAS measures pain intensity on a horizontal numerical scale with endpoints 0 (no pain) and 10 (worst possible pain). Scores between 1-4, 5-6 and 7-10 indicate mild, moderate and severe pain, respectively (Giusti et al, 2018;Yıldırım et al, 2015). The VAS score was not measured immediately after the surgery since some of the patients were still under the effects of anaesthesia, whereas others had received analgesics before leaving the operating room.…”

Hospitalized patients’ vs. nurses’ assessments of pain intensity and barriers to pain management

“…Several studies measured the agreement between patient-and nurse-reported pain intensity assessment (Akin & Durna, 2013;Guner, Akin, & Durna 2014;Hall-Lord, Larssen, & Steen 1999;Horton, 2002;Hovi & Lauri, 1999;Klopfenstein, Herrmann, Mamie, Van Gessel, & Forster 2000;Nekolaichuk et al, 1999;Stephenson, 1994;Van Lancker et al, 2015;Yildirim et al, 2015). The results of these studies are conflicting.…”

“…Pain has been defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage” (Task Force on Taxonomy of the International Association for the Study of Pain ) and as “pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does” (McCaffery, ). These definitions indicate that the patient's verbal report of pain is the single reliable indicator of pain (Yildirim et al., ).…”

“…No significant difference was found for the assessment of the lowest pain intensity. In case a statistically significant difference was found between patients’ and nurses’ pain assessments, nurses underestimated the pain intensity of older patients (Hall‐Lord et al., ), patients with cancer (Guner et al., ; Hovi & Lauri, ) and surgical patients (Klopfenstein et al., ; Yildirim et al., ). In contrast, other studies did not find a statistically significant difference between patients’ and nurses’ assessment of pain intensity for patients with cancer (Akin & Durna, ; Nekolaichuk et al., ; Van Lancker et al., ) and for surgical patients (Stephenson, ).…”

The IPA, a Modified Numerical System for Pain Assessment and Intervention

“… 16 , 18 19 20 21 More specifically, studies have shown that medical professionals have a tendency to underscore patients’ pain. 17 , 22 , 23 …”