Pain Management in Small Ruminants and Camelids

Smith, Joe S.; Schleining, Jennifer A.; Plummer, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.12.005

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For instance, in the United States and Europe, there are no non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) approved for the use in managing pain in sheep or goats. (Lizarraga & Chambers, 2012 ; Smith et al, 2021 ). As a result, these medications are being utilized off‐label.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robenacoxib pharmacokinetics in sheep following oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration

Fadel

Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska

Sartini

et al. 2022

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Changing moral and ethical considerations have led to societal demands for better agricultural practices and enhanced wellbeing for food producing animals all around the world. In this perspective, proper pain management is a critical component of promoting farm animal welfare. Pain alters behavior, autonomic, and neuroendocrine function. It causes a depressed mood and is a common cause of animal welfare violations (Steagall et al., 2021). In farm animals, chronic pain, for example, was shown to reduce food consumption and average daily weight gain, raises heart rate and blood pressure, and lowers body temperature (Stewart et al., 2010).Sheep are subjected to various husbandry operations such as castration, vasectomy, and tail docking, and are prone to developing painful pathologies such as lameness, mastitis, vaginal prolapse, and penis deviation. Moreover, sheep are also widely employed as an experimental animal model for particularly invasive surgeries (Coulter et al., 2009), for educational purposes, and biological research (Lizarraga & Chambers, 2012).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robenacoxib pharmacokinetics in sheep following oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration

Fadel

Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska

Sartini

et al. 2022

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Pain management should focus on pre‐emptive analgesia 4 . Nerve blocks contribute to this goal, as seen in the intraoperative period of the two cases described, where sciatic nerve block was performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As traumatic bone fractures are associated with moderate to severe pain in animals, 1,2 the use of multimodal perioperative analgesic techniques is suggested to avoid discomfort and improve the welfare of the animal. Such multimodal strategies include the use of a variety of drugs, such as non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, opioids, local anaesthetics, N ‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonists and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogues that can be used in small ruminants 3,4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve block in two alpacas (Vicugna pacos) as part of an anaesthesia plan for hindlimb fractures

Ruíz‐López

Felisberto

Haardt

et al. 2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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The present case report describes the management of two alpacas undergoing repair of a metatarsal and a distal tibial fracture, respectively. Both animals received ketamine and medetomidine intramuscularly, resulting in deep sedation. Endotracheal intubation was performed, and general anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. An in‐plane ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve block was performed at the level of the mid‐thigh with bupivacaine 0.5% before surgery as part of the analgesic treatment. Meloxicam was administered. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and respiratory rate were stable during the surgery, despite the use of a low end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration. No opioids were required intraoperatively. Duration of the anaesthesia was 205 and 255 minutes, respectively. Extubation was performed 12 and 6 minutes after discontinuing sevoflurane administration, respectively. In both cases, regional anaesthesia of the sciatic nerve improved the intraoperative management of alpacas that required surgical treatment for fractures.

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“…Castration was carried out almost exclusively by the producer and with a ring or band, most likely as the practice requires minimal training and is not as technical as surgical castration. Ring castration does, however, cause acute and long-term pain in lambs (reviewed by [55,56]). Use of the Burdizzo method appears to cause similar behavioral and stress responses as ring castration in lambs, which can be reduced by local anesthesia and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [57].…”

Section: Goat Kid Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Welfare Survey of 30 Dairy Goat Farms in the Midwestern United States

Hempstead

Lindquist

Shearer

et al. 2021

Animals

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Dairy goat production in the Midwestern United States is increasing at a rapid rate and information on dairy goat husbandry practices applicable for producers in this region is limited. The objective of this study was to survey 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US to provide insight into husbandry practices pertaining to health, welfare, and production, and to identify areas of future research. A questionnaire was developed and comprised 163 questions that were organized into categories including information on the producer (e.g., farming experience), staff, and goats (e.g., herd size, breed), housing, feeding and nutrition, milking practices and production, kid management, husbandry practices (e.g., disbudding, castration, hoof trimming), and health. Areas of future research that can improve goat health, production and welfare include pain relief for husbandry practices such as disbudding and castration, early kid management during birth to prevent illness/disease or mortality (e.g., warm and dry areas for kid rearing), eradication programs for common contagious diseases, training programs and education for claw trimming, disbudding, and udder health. In conclusion, this study provided insight into the husbandry practices carried out on 30 dairy goat farms in the Midwestern US and areas of research to improve health and welfare.

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Pain Management in Small Ruminants and Camelids

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Robenacoxib pharmacokinetics in sheep following oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration

Robenacoxib pharmacokinetics in sheep following oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration

Ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve block in two alpacas (Vicugna pacos) as part of an anaesthesia plan for hindlimb fractures

Health and Welfare Survey of 30 Dairy Goat Farms in the Midwestern United States

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