Pain measurement: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) in clinical trials with OTC analgesics in headache

Aicher, Bernhard; Peil, Hubertus; Peil, Barbara; Hc, Diener

doi:10.1177/03331024111430856

Cited by 125 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Pain quantification was done using the visual analog scale (VAS). The VAS is a reliable and validated nonverbal rating scale used for assessing the pain and disability . This scale ranges from “0” being “no pain at all” to “10” being “the worst pain imaginable.” Subjects were instructed to draw a vertical line on a 10 cm horizontal scale to determine their pain level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS

Deogaonkar

Sharma

Oluigbo

et al. 2016

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS

Deogaonkar

Sharma

Oluigbo

et al. 2016

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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“…After-surgery resection rates, operative times, blood losses, surgical complications, days spent in hospital, and total costs of hospitalization were evaluated. Before and after surgery, all patients completed the Visual Analogue Pain Score (VAS) for back pain [8]. Changes in neurological status were evaluated by using the Japanese Orthopedic Association scores (JOA scores) for cervical vertebra (JOA-C) [9], thoracic vertebrae (JOA-T) [10], and lumbar vertebrae (JOA-L) [11] both before surgery and during the final follow-up.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Results in the Differential Surgery of Intradural Extramedullary Schwannoma of 110 Cases

et al. 2013

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Study DesignA retrospective study of intradural extramedullary schwannoma.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare treatment results in the differential surgery of intradural extramedullary schwannoma.BackgroundA reference guide to the surgical procedures available to treat intradural extramedullary schwannoma has not yet been established.MethodsThe study retrospectively reviewed 110 patients: Group A: laminectomy+microscopic excision; Group B: hemilaminectomy+microscopic excision; Group C: laminectomy+microscopic excision+pedicle screw fixation. Researchers selected patients for this retrospective review by applying the following criteria: 1) back pain spread out from the tumor level, sensory and motor loss; 2) treatment by surgery; 3) clinical diagnosis made by physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathology; 4) a minimum clinical and radiologic follow-up of 12 months. The clinical outcomes were assessed by comparing the Visual Analogue Pain Scores (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopedic Association Scores (JOA score). The study also performed a cost-effectiveness analysis.ResultsCervical vertebrae: The estimated blood loss in Group B was significantly less than in Group C (P<0.05) (Table 1). Thoracic vertebrae: The duration of hospital stay and estimated blood loss in Group A was significantly less than in Group C (P<0.05) (Table 2, 3). Lumbar vertebrae: The resection rate in Group C was significantly higher than in Group A and Group B (P<0.05) (Table 4). Treatment in Group B was the least expensive, and therefore, the most cost-effective.ConclusionIn the case of appropriate surgical indications, the study suggests that hemilaminectomy+microscopic excision is advantageous in the removal of cervical schwannoma, and that laminectomy+microscopic excision is advantageous in the removal of thoracic schwannoma; lumbar intradural extramedullary schwannoma can be managed by laminectomy+microscopic excision+pedicle screw fixation.

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“…Patients with low arthralgia scores (≤8 points) during the acute phase formed the reference group, while patients with higher scores (9 and 10) were considered the study group. The score of 9-10 has been used in previous studies to classify patients with very severe pain or the most severe pain imaginable (20,21). In the chronic phase of the disease, the patients with RAPID3 scores ≤6 formed the reference group, whereas patients with scores >6 (moderate/high disease activity) were considered the study group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and female sex as key risk factors associated with severe arthralgia in acute and chronic phases of Chikungunya virus infection

Delgado‐Enciso

Paz‐Michel²,

Melnikov

et al. 2017

Exp Ther Med

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Abstract. Arthralgia is a potentially incapacitating condition and a persistent symptom in chronic or acute episodes of Chikungunya fever caused by infection with the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on risk factors associated with the intensity of arthralgias in typical acute episodes of the disease. Although a number of studies have reported on risk factors associated with the development of the chronic stage of the disease, smoking habits have not been analyzed. Smoking is an interesting factor to consider since it is the main environmental risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a similar disease to CHIKV in many aspects. In the present study, 140 patients infected with CHIKV were assessed for risk factors associated with severe arthralgia intensity in the acute phase (pain of 9/10 on the visual analog scale of 0-10) and moderate to severe intensity (according to the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3) 3.5 months after infection in patients that experienced the chronic phase of the disease. Women and smokers were 2-to 3-times more likely to experience severe pain in the acute and chronic stages. Likewise, the presence of severe arthralgia during the acute disease phase resulted in a 4-fold increased risk for entering the chronic phase. Smoking was a more important risk factor in males compared with females. Smoking resulted in a 20-fold increased risk for severe arthralgia during the acute phase in men, as well as a 10-fold increased risk for developing chronic disease with moderate-to-severe pain 3.5 months after the acute stage. The presence of rash, headache, muscular weakness or conjunctivitis in the acute phase, the presence of diabetes and age >40 years were considered significant risk factors due to their influence on illness progression. In conclusion, smoking and female sex were the main risk factors associated with development of severe joint pain in the acute and chronic phases of Chikungunya fever. These risk factors are similar to those associated with the development and severity of RA, possibly because the two diseases share pathophysiological mechanisms, including elevated interleukin-6 levels.

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Pain measurement: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) in clinical trials with OTC analgesics in headache

Cited by 125 publications

References 65 publications

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS

Treatment Results in the Differential Surgery of Intradural Extramedullary Schwannoma of 110 Cases

Smoking and female sex as key risk factors associated with severe arthralgia in acute and chronic phases of Chikungunya virus infection

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