Pain Reactivity and Plasma β-Endorphin in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Disorder

Tordjman, Sylvie; Anderson, George M.; Botbol, Michel; Brailly-Tabard, Sylvie; Pérez-Díaz, Fernando; Graignic, Rozenn; Carlier, Michèle; Schmit, G.; Rolland, Aurélia; Bonnot, Olivier; Trabado, Séverine; Roubertoux, Pierre L.; Bronsard, Guillaume

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005289

Cited by 136 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…In rats it was shown that β-CM7 ultimately triggered ASD-like behavioral changes by dietary administration of β-CM7 linked to segmented brain activity as shown before [64]. Behavior after administration of β-CM7 changed from very active and aggressive to significantly reduced responsiveness to sound, a lack of explorative behavior and reduced or absent social interaction, consistent with ASD-like behavior [9,24,60,79,93,94,95].…”

Section: Opioid Activity Of β-Cm7 and Asd Behaviormentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In addition to DPP4 activity, these concentrations reflect intestinal permeability. Several studies found a significantly higher level of blood plasma β-endorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide in autistic subjects when compared to controls [76,94,95] and plasma β-endorphin was positively associated with the severity of ASD symptoms [95]. Moreover, an increase of β-endorphin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid was reported [79].…”

Section: Dpp4 Enzyme Activity In People With Autism Spectrum Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DPP4 activity determines the amount of opioid peptides in body fluids but these levels reflect both DPP4 activity and intestinal permeability. Nevertheless, the amount of DPP4 enzymes is decreased in ASD patients, resulting in a higher amount of opioid peptides in the body [76,94,95]. Further research should use the combination of measuring opioid peptide concentrations in body fluids and an IPT.…”

Section: Critical Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2015

HCIIN

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There is a rising interest in the use of dietary interventions to ameliorate prevalent brain diseases, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Nowadays, the existence of communication between gut and brain is well accepted and thus diet can influence brain functioning. A well-known nutrition based intervention for ASD is the gluten-free and casein-free diet. However, only some of the patients experience a relief in symptoms and thus efficacy seems to be limited to certain phenotypes. However, not much is known about the mechanism of action through which this diet might work, or about interpersonal differences that could lead to variation in response to the diet. Current evidence for efficacy of the GFCF diet is poor. Large scale, good quality randomized controlled trials are needed. Genetic and environmentally induced interpersonal differences were found in intestinal membrane permeability and blood brain barrier integrity as well as in activity of peptidase enzymes. These differences probably affect responsiveness to the diet. In addition, age and duration of the dietary intervention play a role in the efficacy of the gluten-free and casein-free diet. This is the reason why all these factors need to be taken into account to give appropriate advice about whether or not to follow this diet.Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Casein-free; Casomorphin; Diet; Gluten-free; Intervention; Opioid; Peptides; Permeability Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with Gluten-free and Casein-free Diet: The underlying Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis MechanismsCitation: Cieślińska A, Kostyra E, Savelkoul HFJ (2017) Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with • (GFCF) diet is strongly promoted while there are additional diets without salicylates and phenols, and anti-candida diets since many ASD patients are affected by this yeast [17]. However, so far it has been difficult to prove the effectiveness of this diet in all patients [10,18]. Limited information is available on the underlying mechanism as well as explanatory factors of differences in response to the GFCF diet. Here, we focus on the mechanism of action underlying this dietary intervention as well as the origin of differences in response to the GFCF diet. Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet Might Alleviate Autism Spectrum Disorder SymptomsPeople with ASD are often in need of intensive care and guidance, leading to loss of parental productivity and high emotional and economic costs [8,19]. Therefore it is important to investigate potential treatments that alleviate the symptoms or preferably cure the disease. So far, sometimes life long, educational and behavioral interventions are used, although these therapies have limited efficacy for ASD [6,20]. Currently, there is growing interest in nutritional interventions for this disorder and there are promising mechanisms underlying the putative success of such interventions [19].In 1983 it was suggested that gluten and casein containing products could cause autism-like symptoms by altering the functioning of the brain. It was propo...

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Section: Opioid Activity Of β-Cm7 and Asd Behaviormentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Dpp4 Enzyme Activity In People With Autism Spectrum Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2015

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“…It is known that some people with autism [6] have stereotyped movements, and in About analgesia, in both male and female rats exposed to VPA prenatally, the latency of withdrawal time of their tail is increased, although in female rats it only appears on day 35 and in males, this increase is maintained up to day 180. It has been reported that people who have autism have reduced pain sensitivity, however, there is a study that suggests that people with ASD do not have decreased sensitivity to pain, what happens is that they respond differently to the variety of circumstances that trigger the pain response [67]. In spite of the discrepancies about pain in people with ASD, in this model, female and male rats had a longer period of latency in the withdrawal of the tail to a painful stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Valproic Acid on Immobility Responses and Locomotor Activity in Female and Male Rats

Morales-Dionisio¹,

Cruz²,

Franco-Colín³

et al. 2017

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Valproic acid (VPA) is used in the treatment of epilepsy and behavioral disorders. However, the exposure to VPA during pregnancy increases the risk of having offspring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reports indicate that men are more likely to suffer ASD than women who were exposed to VPA prenatally. Few studies have related the sex differences and behavioral changes in the ASD rat model. Our aim was to determinate whether male and female Wistar rats whose mothers were exposed to either VPA (600 mg/kg; animal model for ASD) or saline (0.9%) i.p. at 12.5 day of gestation, have different effects on immobility induce by clamping (IC), dorsal immobility (DI), catalepsy, locomotor activity, stereotypes, and analgesia (tail flick). For this purpose, we made four groups (n = 8). Group: A) saline male rats, B) saline female rats, C) VPA male rats and D) VPA female rats. At 35 (prepubertal age), 56 (postpubertal age) and 180 days, we tested the behaviors previously mentioned. Finding that VPA has the same effect on IC, catalepsy, and analgesia in male and female rats, the time of these tests was increased. However, VPA only has an effect on DI in males but not in female rats. On the contrary, there is hyperactivity and an increase of stereotypes in female but not in male rats. Thereby, VPA has an effect on the three immobility responses tested (IC, DI and catalepsy), locomotor activity and analgesia but in a differential way on DI, stereotypes and locomotor activity between male and female rats.

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“…Levels of β-endorphin and ACTH are greater in autistic subjects than normal individuals (Tordjman et al, 1997). More recent work on pain perception in autism has demonstrated that in response to venipuncture, there is a greater heart rate response and elevated plasma β-endorphin levels in autism subjects compared to age-, sex-, and pubertal stage-matched controls (Tordjman et al, 2009). The results strongly suggest that prior reports of reduced pain sensitivity in autism are related to a different mode of pain expression rather than to an insensitivity or endogenous analgesia, and do not support opioid theories of autism.…”

Section: Neurologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical aspects of autism: biomarkers—a review

Ratajczak¹

2011

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Pain Reactivity and Plasma β-Endorphin in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Disorder

Cited by 136 publications

References 50 publications

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Differential Effects of Valproic Acid on Immobility Responses and Locomotor Activity in Female and Male Rats

Theoretical aspects of autism: biomarkers—a review

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