Pain Recognition and Assessment in Birds

Mikoni, Nicole A.; Guzmán, David Sánchez-Migallón; Paul-Murphy, Joanne R

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2022.09.002

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Pain behavior in general is influenced by a variety factors specific to the stimulus or the affected animal. For example, noxious agents can differ in duration (acute or chronic), source (somatic or visceral) and severity (mild to severe), each of which may provoke a different reaction 9,10,27 . Since behavioral responses vary extensively depending on the species and stimulus, any description is valid only for the specifically described case and cannot be transferred to another species without reevaluation 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part III: Analysis of movements before and after application of a noxious stimulus

Suess

Werner

Saller

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Many potentially noxious interventions are performed on chicken embryos in research and in the poultry industry. It is therefore essential and in the interest of animal welfare to be able to precisely define the point at which a chicken embryo is capable of nociception in ovo. The present part III of a comprehensive study examined the movements of developing chicken embryos with the aim of identifying behavioral responses to a noxious stimulus. For this purpose, a noxious mechanical stimulus and a control stimulus were applied in a randomized order. The recorded movements of the embryos were evaluated using the markerless pose estimation software DeepLabCut and manual observations. After the application of the mechanical stimulus, a significant increase in beak movement was identified in 15- to 18-day-old embryos. In younger embryos, no behavioral changes related to the noxious stimulus were observed. The presented results results indicate that noxious mechanical stimuli at the beak base evoke a nocifensive reaction in chicken embryos starting at embryonic day 15.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part III: Analysis of movements before and after application of a noxious stimulus

Suess

Werner

Saller

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pain behavior in general is influenced by a variety of factors specific to the stimulus or the affected animal. For example, noxious agents can differ in duration (acute or chronic), source (somatic or visceral) and severity (mild to severe), each of which may provoke a different reaction [ 9 , 10 , 31 ]. Since behavioral responses vary extensively depending on the species and stimulus, any description is valid only for the specifically described case and cannot be transferred to another species without re-evaluation [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, bird behavior varies greatly among species and individuals, making it necessary to closely examine the typical behavior of the observed individual. This makes it possible to assess deviations in typical behavior as a sign of pain [ 9 ]. Although pain-associated behavior is difficult to identify, its major advantage is that it can be observed immediately and noninvasively [ 3 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nociception in Chicken Embryos, Part III: Analysis of Movements before and after Application of a Noxious Stimulus

Süß,

Werner,

Saller

et al. 2023

Animals

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Many potentially noxious interventions are performed on chicken embryos in research and in the poultry industry. It is therefore essential and in the interest of animal welfare to be able to precisely define the point at which a chicken embryo is capable of nociception in ovo. The present part III of a comprehensive study examined the movements of developing chicken embryos with the aim of identifying behavioral responses to a noxious stimulus. For this purpose, a noxious mechanical stimulus and a control stimulus were applied in a randomized order. The recorded movements of the embryos were evaluated using the markerless pose estimation software DeepLabCut and manual observations. After the application of the mechanical stimulus, a significant increase in beak movement was identified in 15- to 18-day-old embryos. In younger embryos, no behavioral changes related to the noxious stimulus were observed. The presented results indicate that noxious mechanical stimuli at the beak base evoke a nocifensive reaction in chicken embryos starting at embryonic day 15.

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“…With regard to acute pain, the assessment of facial expressions in the form of Grimace Scales has demonstrated good reliability and validity in domestic mammals [124][125][126], and there is scope to explore their development in mammalian zoo species. Reliable detection and scoring of pain in other vertebrates is challenging, with an acknowledged need to support further research in this area [127,128]. In relation to HRQoL, unless there is evidence to the contrary, one can assume that interventions and conditions that cause pain or distress in humans and domestic species will also cause pain or distress in zoo animals.…”

Section: Pain As a Qol Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality-of-Life Assessments in Zoo Animals: Not Just for the Aged and Charismatic

Campbell-Ward

2023

Animals

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Zoos should aim to provide all of their animals with a good quality of life (QoL) throughout all life stages. In parallel with the evolution of QoL assessment questionnaires and tools in human and domestic animal settings, in recent times, some individual zoos and zoo industry associations have incorporated such instruments into their animal management practices. This has been conducted predominantly to inform, monitor, and document end-of-life decision-making for large, charismatic mammals. There is scope to expand the use of these tools to improve their utility, validity, reliability, and value to an animal welfare program. Assessment of QoL is a complex task given that the notion being measured is abstract and self-determined, and the design and purpose of the tools to do this require careful consideration. This review explores the QoL concept as it applies to animals, the assessment indications and methodologies relevant to a zoo setting, and the importance of considering QoL at any life stage across species. An overview of current thinking and the applications and limitations of QoL evaluation of captive wild animals is offered to promote and aid facility practice reviews and to help direct future innovations that leverage concurrent and converging advances in zoo animal welfare science.

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Pain Recognition and Assessment in Birds

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part III: Analysis of movements before and after application of a noxious stimulus

Nociception in chicken embryos, Part III: Analysis of movements before and after application of a noxious stimulus

Nociception in Chicken Embryos, Part III: Analysis of Movements before and after Application of a Noxious Stimulus

Quality-of-Life Assessments in Zoo Animals: Not Just for the Aged and Charismatic

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