Pain reduction in lidocaine administration through buffering and warming

Colaric, Kenneth B; Overton, David; Moore, K.

doi:10.1016/s0735-6757(98)90126-7

Cited by 89 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The present trial was a pilot study and a larger, more definitive study with similar methodology is currently stimulus associated with delivery can be registered by nociceptors [11,14,15,19] under way in our institution. In contrast, the present results indicated no reduction in urethral discomfort when warm (40°C) 2% lignocaine…”

Section: Patients and Methods Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To determine whether the temperature of 2% lignocaine gel affects the initial discomfort which may be associated with its instillation into the male urethra

Thompson¹,

O'Brien²,

Young³

et al. 1999

BJU International

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Objective To determine whether the temperature of 2%Results Compared with the control group (at 22°C), there was a statistically significant reduction in pain lignocaine hydrochloride gel aCects the initial discomfort during instillation into the male urethra. score in the group receiving cold gel (Student's t-test, P<0.05). Patients and methods Sixty consenting men were randomized to receive 11 mL of 2% lignocaine hydroConclusion The cooling of 2% lignocaine gel significantly reduced the initial discomfort associated with chloride gel (Instillagel, Farco-Pharma GmbH, Cologne, Germany) at 4°C, 22°C or 40°C. The three its delivery into the male urethra before any form of urethral instrumentation. groups were well matched for age and numbers of previous flexible cystoscopies. The gel was instilled byKeywords Topical lignocaine gel, urethra, local anaesthesia one operator and the patients were then immediately asked to score the pain on instillation using a 100-mm nongraphical visual analogue scale.men were recruited and randomized to receive 11 mL of

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Section: Patients and Methods Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To determine whether the temperature of 2% lignocaine gel affects the initial discomfort which may be associated with its instillation into the male urethra

Thompson¹,

O'Brien²,

Young³

et al. 1999

BJU International

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show abstract

“…Whereas a multitude of investigators have championed other techniques such as altering the rate of infiltration [14,36], distraction methods, buffering [16-19, 37, 38] and warming the anaesthetic agents [39][40][41][42] in a variety of settings, there is no clear consensus as to the best method to reduce infiltrative pain, as no-one has sought to combine all these techniques in a prospective randomised study. Some studies have demonstrated that warm buffered anaesthetic agents induce less pain during infiltration than either warmed or buffered agents used in isolation, and that buffering solutions is preferable to warming the anaesthetic agents [9,12,13]. However, it is difficult to make comparisons between these studies as considerable heterogeneity exists in the volume of infiltrate, the technique and anatomical location of infiltration, and the method of warming and buffering procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include application of topical analgesics such as amethocaine [10], distraction techniques [11], counter irritation [12], warming the anaesthetic agents [13], varying rates of infiltration [14] and buffering the local anaesthesia [9,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of local cooling on pain perception during infiltration of local anaesthetic agents, a prospective randomised controlled trial*

Leff

Nortley²,

Dang³

et al. 2007

Anaesthesia

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SummaryThe effect of pre‐infiltration local cooling of the site of inguinal herniorrhaphy on pain perception during infiltration of local anaesthetic was studied in a prospective randomised controlled trial. One hundred patients were randomly allocated to receive topical application of either a cooled saline bag (study group) or a saline bag at room temperature (control group) prior to injection of local anaesthetic. Pain scores were recorded using a visual analogue scale following application of the saline bags and again on completion of infiltration with local anaesthetic. There was no significant difference in pain scores following topical saline bag application. However, a highly significant difference (p = 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U) was observed between post‐infiltration pain scores of the study group (median = 2) and the control group (median = 6).

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“…Various methods have been tried to make this process less painful including pre-injection warming of the anaesthetic agent, buffering pH levels, varying the agent used, using thinner gauge needles, pre-injection application of EMLA cream etc. These have been used to varying degrees of success (Bartfield et al, 1995;Colaric et al, 1998;Mader et al, 1994;Soylev et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%