Painful Heel: MR Imaging Findings

Abstract

Heel pain is a common and frequently disabling clinical complaint that may be caused by a broad spectrum of osseous or soft-tissue disorders. These disorders are classified on the basis of anatomic origin and predominant location of heel pain to foster a better understanding of this complaint. The disorders include plantar fascial lesions (fasciitis, rupture, fibromatosis, xanthoma), tendinous lesions (tendinitis, tenosynovitis), osseous lesions (fractures, bone bruises, osteomyelitis, tumors), bursal lesions (retrocalcaneal bursitis, retroachilleal bursitis), tarsal tunnel syndrome, and heel plantar fat pad abnormalities. With its superior soft-tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar capability, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can help determine the cause of heel pain and help assess the extent and severity of the disease in ambiguous or clinically equivocal cases. Careful analysis of MR imaging findings and correlation of these findings with patient history and findings at physical examination can suggest a specific diagnosis in most cases. The majority of patients with heel pain can be successfully treated conservatively, but in cases requiring surgery (eg, plantar fascia rupture in competitive athletes, deeply infiltrating plantar fibromatosis, masses causing tarsal tunnel syndrome), MR imaging is especially useful in planning surgical treatment by showing the exact location and extent of the lesion.

The Expansions of the Pectoral Girdle Muscles onto the Brachial Fascia: Morphological Aspects and Spatial Disposition

“…This MR appearance is in accordance with the description of the deep crural fascia, reported as a thin, low-signal-intensity structure [De Maeseneer et al, 2000]. Other studies have been focused on the pathology of the brachial fascia [Baumann et al, 2005], on the anatomy and pathology of the thoracolumbar fascia [Kang et al, 2007], abdominal fascia [Johnson et al, 1996], plantar fascia [Narváez al., 2000;Yu, 2000] and ileotibial tract [Faircloughet al, 2006]. These structures correspond to a connective layer thicker than a fascia and appear as low-intensity sheet.…”

“…In the literature, the imaging of the brachial fascia is lacking, and the few studies about the fasciae have been focused on the anatomy and pathology of the thoracolumbar fascia [Niitsu et al, 1990], abdominal fascia [Johnson et al, 1996], plantar fascia [Narváez et al, 2000;Yu, 2000] and ileotibial tract [Fairclough et al, 2006].…”

Symptomatic plantar fibroma with a unique sonographic appearance

“…MRI has been described as the imaging modality of choice. 4 However, due to its availability and low cost, sonography (US) has also been described as an effective imaging technique for most patients with suspected plantar fibromatosis. 5 The US characteristics of plantar fibromatosis, although variable, are usually sufficient to establish a specific diagnosis.…”

Ayak Bilegi: Bag ve Tendonlar

“…Plantar fasyanın inflamasyonu, travma olmasa bile topuk ağrısına neden olabilir. Ağrı parmakların dorsifleksiyonunda artar ve sabahları daha şiddetlidir [4,17].…”