Painting as Language for a Stroke Patient

Visual Art Intervention for People With Stroke on Holistic Well-Being: A Critical Review

“…The 10 included studies were conducted in five geographical locations: Korea (Kim & Kang, 2013;Kim et al, 2008), the United Kingdom (Ali et al, 2014;Michaels, 2010;Morris et al, 2016Morris et al, , 2019, Australia (Beesley et al, 2011), Israel (Carmi & Mashiah, 1996;Gonen & Soroker, 2000), and China-Hong Kong SAR (Sit et al, 2017). There were three quantitative studies (Kim & Kang, 2013;Kim et al, 2008;Morris et al, 2019), six qualitative studies (Beesley et al, 2011;Carmi & Mashiah, 1996;Gonen & Soroker, 2000;Michaels, 2010;Morris et al, 2016;Sit et al, 2017), and one study that had used mixed methods (Ali et al, 2014). All 10 studies had recruited adults with stroke.…”

“…The variety of art media employed among the different studies included painting and drawing using charcoal and wax resist (Beesley et al, 2011); painting on papers, crayons, clay modeling, a camera, and an iPad for animation drawing (Ali et al, 2014); drawings (Carmi & Mashiah, 1996); pictorial projection, artistic and guided imaginary drawing (Gonen & Soroker, 2000); a 329 color chart (Kim & Kang, 2013); drawing and clay modeling (Kim et al, 2008); a participatory visual art program (Morris et al, 2016(Morris et al, , 2019; and drawing, painting, collage, and handcrafts (Sit et al, 2017). The mode of conduction varied from individual-based programs (Carmi & Mashiah, 1996;Kim et al, 2008;Michaels, 2010), group-based programs (Ali et al, 2014;Beesley et al, 2011;Gonen & Soroker, 2000;Sit et al, 2017), and a combination of both group-based and individual-based visual art programs (Kim & Kang, 2013;Morris et al, 2016Morris et al, , 2019. The duration of the visual art intervention programs ranged from 6 weeks to 6 months, while the program sessions ranged from once to twice weekly and the duration ranged from 40 to 150 min per session.…”

“…A review of the outcome measures of the quantitative studies showed that a great variety of outcome measurement tools were employed. They were categorized as the "body" in relation to physiological well-being, the "mind" in relation to psychosocial The qualitative data of the mixed study (Ali et al, 2014) and the six qualitative studies (Beesley et al, 2011;Carmi & Mashiah et al, 1996;Michaels, 2010;Morris et al, 2016Morris et al, , 2019Sit et al, 2017) were extracted and categorized into aspects of wellbeing: "the body," "the mind," "the spirit," and/or "holistic well-being." Art benefits "the mind" by helping participants to express emotions, feelings, thoughts, and experiences (Ali et al, 2014;Beesley et al, 2011;Carmi & Mashiah, 1996;Michaels, 2010;Morris et al, 2016;Sit et al, 2017).…”

Art therapy after stroke: Evidence and a need for further research

“…Emotional benefits include the experiences of pleasure, challenge, achievement, freedom and flow, as well as taking pride in developing artistic skills and artwork (Beesley et al, 2011;Horovitz, 2005;Johnson & Sullivan-Marx, 2006;Symons et al, 20011;Wald, 1999). Another recurring finding is that art therapy enables stroke survivors to express their concerns symbolically, discharging feelings of anger, loss and abandonment, and achieving new insights (Beesley, et al 2011;Carmi & Mashiah, 1996;Gonen & Soroker 2000;Horovitz, 2005;Kim et al, 2008;Moon 2009;Sell & Murrey, 2006;Wald 1999;Wilson, 2001). …”

“…The benefits of art therapy for assisting expression of anger, loss and abandonment was described in a case study of a 57 year old stroke patient by Carmi & Mashiah (1996). Nonetheless, communication may not solely discharge negative feelings.…”