Pakistan in 1998: The Polity under Pressure

Rizvi, Hasan-Askari

doi:10.1525/as.1999.39.1.01p0431w

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the 1990s, The 1990s are one of the darkest decades (or eras) in Pakistan's economic history. The growth of all sectors has declined after the 1980, and it was slightly upgrading in the 2000 decade (Rizvi, 1999) The government tried to control these inappropriate situations but unfortunately failed to stop them. As a result, the same conditions will affect the next decade.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicts and The Structure of Economy: A Case of Trade in Pakistan

2023

JDSS

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Trade and investment are considered crucial elements of long-run growth which along with other factors are also affected by conflicts. This study addresses this issue by taking both internal and external conflicts and its effects on trade. The ARDL approach used for the period of 1984 to 2016. External and internal conflicts both have a statistically significant and negative effect on exports. Government stability has positive effect on exports. Therefore, macroeconomic instability has a negative and statistically significant impact on exports. The law and order and ethnic tension do not have a statistically significant impact on exports. Democratic accountability and socioeconomic conditions also have statistically significant negative and positive impacts on exports, respectively. In the import model, government stability, ethnic tension, law and order, and democratic accountability do not impact imports. External conflict is statistically significant and positive for imports. External and internal conflicts have negative effects on trade (exports and imports) in other aspect of the globe. Therefore, socioeconomic conditions also have a statistically significant negative on imports. The empirical results support the theory of conflicts in Pakistan. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the government may design policies that ensure protection of economy from conflicts and smoothen the flow of trade.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicts and The Structure of Economy: A Case of Trade in Pakistan

2023

JDSS

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“…The prime minister thought that a Muhajir Army Chief, commanding a Punjabi-Pashtun dominated military establishment would be in a weak position to take over the elected government (Rizvi, 1999). The prime minister was taking this strategy in terms of Biradari System like the politicians and feudal lords who often use it as a policy.…”

Section: Literature Review and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kargil Operation and its Effects on the Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan

Rehman

Ashfaq

Khan

2018

Lib. Arts Soc. Sci. Int. J.

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This paper aims to analyse the reasons of strained civil-military relations between the Army under General Pervaiz Musharraf as Chief of Army Staff and the civilian government under the premiership of Nawaz Sharif. A mixed method approach has been adopted for collection of primary and secondary data for this descriptive, theoretical, and qualitative study. The analysis shows that the relations between the two institutions i.e., the civilian government and the military were deteriorated due to an ill-fated Kargil war launched by the then Army Chief solely on his own decision. The war under the guise of Kashmiri mujahedeen movement became an unpleasant event for Pakistan in the international community. The situation compelled the elected government to declare withdrawal of the para-military forces unilaterally thus causing further damages in terms of human and material losses. The military, opposition parties and other groups in the country blamed the civilian government for this failure. Therefore, the post Kargil war developments became a major source of contention between civil and military leadership. The events and reasons leading to the removal of Army Chief, dismissal of elected government and dissolution of national and provincial assemblies have been critically analysed in this study.

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“…Even, MQM occasionally 'organized protest marches and strikes to press the government for the implementation of the agreement of cooperation they had signed in February 1997'. Afterwards, MQM's ministers resigned from the central and provincial cabinets (Rizvi, 1999). ANP, the coalition partner in Islamabad and in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, also left the coalition as a protest against the PML-N's refusal to rename NWFP as Pukhtunkhwa.…”

Section: Insert Table 5: "Party Position In National and Provincial Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nationalist groups and parties from the smaller provinces vowed to defend their right of self-rule. Some suggested a new constitution framed by a constituent assembly with equivalent representation of all provinces (Rizvi, 1999). Meanwhile, Pakistan's Oppressed Nations Movement (PONM), a group of 28 ethno-regional parties was launched during 1998 and this association continued to protest against allegedly authoritarian rule and for 'the establishment of a decentralized polity' (Rizvi, 2000).…”

Section: Insert Table 5: "Party Position In National and Provincial Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Politics of Power-sharing in Post-1971 Pakistan

Mushtaq¹,

Ayaz²,

Alqama³

2011

JPL

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Power sharing models have been recommended by political scientists for multiethnic states to guarantee political stability. Consociationalism and centripetalism are the two most numerous models of power sharing. The former suggests grand coalition and the latter multiethnic coalition cabinets to share power in the diverse societies. Keeping in view these models, this paper attempts to examine the performance and durability of various coalition cabinets in post-1971 Pakistan. The evidence shows that the coalition cabinets in Pakistan remained short-lived. While Pakistan is not a case of deeply divided society, majoritarian system of government under two party system is more relevant to the Pakistani case rather than power sharing models

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Pakistan in 1998: The Polity under Pressure

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Conflicts and The Structure of Economy: A Case of Trade in Pakistan

Conflicts and The Structure of Economy: A Case of Trade in Pakistan

Kargil Operation and its Effects on the Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan

Politics of Power-sharing in Post-1971 Pakistan

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