Pakistan's electrical energy crises, a way forward towards 50% of sustain clean and green electricity generation

Tao, Jinsong; Waqas, Muhammad; Ali, Muhammad; Umair, Muhammad; Gan, Wangwei; Haider, Hussain

doi:10.1016/j.esr.2022.100813

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, Pakistan's total electricity demand has increased substantially in the last few years and is likely to rise in a similar manner. A recent study predicts that Pakistan's need for electricity is expected to reach 346 TWh by 2030 whereas it could reach 601 TWh in 2035, and a much larger 2297.7 TWh by 2050 [4]. This means that every year, on average, the demand will grow by about 12.15%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smarter Grid in the 5G Era: Integrating the Internet of Things With a Cyber-Physical System

Saleem,

Usman,

Yaqub

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The Smart Grid, a fusion of digital technologies and advanced communication methods, enables the transformation of power distribution, transmission, and generation by responding to fluctuations in electricity consumption. Conventional electrical grids often leave consumers unaware of their energy usage patterns, resulting in both energy wastage and financial loss. To enhance energy efficiency, the consumption patterns of consumers need regulation. Smart Grids efficiently employs Demand-Side Management (DSM) strategies, including peak clipping, load shifting, and consumer awareness campaigns, to optimize energy consumption and achieve energy savings. DSM's synergy with smart meters and smart energy management systems (SEMS) emerges as a powerful trio in comprehensive energy conservation and optimization. The integration of SEMS with the Internet of Things (IoT), augmented by the advancements in 5G technology, emerges as a transformative paradigm. SEMS, operating within the IoT ecosystem bolstered by 5G connectivity, facilitates the instantaneous and efficient integration of IoT in SEMS, enabling real-time data collection, in-depth analysis, and data-driven decisions for optimal energy management. This empowers users with the ability to make data-driven decisions, yielding tangible outcomes in the form of efficacy, cost reductions, and fortified sustainability initiatives. We present a SEMS that amalgamates three microcontroller units to create a smart meter that is further integrated with a cloud-based middleware module and consumer API. Furthermore, it collects vital power metrics such as voltage, current, kWh, kW, and PF. Consumers can conveniently access this data in real-time via an API. Energy service companies can leverage this data for incentive programs and to motivate customers to optimize their energy consumption. These datasets serve as a foundational element for the development of diverse DSM strategies. This research work presents the deployment, and performance evaluation of an IoT-based SEMS that is implemented in diverse settings, including industrial, commercial, building, and warehouse setups. Moreover, as a test case, our evaluation extends to the specific conservation of energy within air-conditioning systems. The SEMS achieves significant energy conservation, with calculated savings ranging from 5% to 53%, showcasing its effectiveness in targeted energy management. The real-time data and case studies further demonstrate the efficiency of the presented work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smarter Grid in the 5G Era: Integrating the Internet of Things With a Cyber-Physical System

Saleem,

Usman,

Yaqub

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world, and its energy demands are growing to support economic development and improve the quality of life of its citizens [14,15]. Meeting these energy needs sustainably and efficiently is critical for Pakistan and global energy security and stability [16,17]. In recent years, energy depletion has received widespread attention as an urgent issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-four million motor vehicles were on the road, with over 8,000 electric motorbikes and 32 million, because almost all of these cars run on fossil fuels, and these fuel sources gradually run out. The nation also uses fossil fuels to generate electricity; in 2021, gas accounted for 32.3% of the nation's electricity production, hydroelectricity for 24.7%, furnace oil for 14.3%, and coal for 12.8% [16]. Long-and short-term effects of Pakistan's ongoing energy resource depletion are detrimental to the country's environmental sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmental assessment through load capacity factor: The dynamic effects of technological cooperation grants and energy depletion in Pakistan

Lin,

Ullah

2024

Preprint

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This study aims to fill a crucial gap in current research by examining the multifaceted relationships between energy depletion, technical cooperation grants, industrialization, and environmental degradation. By focusing on Pakistan, a country emblematic of many developing nations facing rapid industrialization and resource constraints, this research offers valuable insights with broad applicability. The significance of this study lies in its innovative approach of utilizing load capacity factor as a novel proxy for environmental sustainability, moving beyond traditional metrics like CO2 emissions and ecological footprints. The study analyzes time series data from 1970 to 2022 using advanced econometric techniques, particularly the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings reveal a nuanced picture of the impact of energy depletion, technical cooperation grants, and industrialization on environmental degradation. Energy depletion and industrialization are found to exert a significant and adverse influence on environmental quality, exacerbating degradation over time. Conversely, technical cooperation grants emerge as a mitigating factor, demonstrating a positive association with environmental sustainability. Moreover, the study conducts a sensitivity analysis by comparing the results obtained using the load capacity factor with those derived from ecological footprints. This comparative analysis offers robust insights into the dynamics of environmental degradation, enriching the understanding of the complex interplay between economic activities and environmental outcomes. Further, policies are discussed for theory and practice.

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“…A large part of the scientific community is currently looking to develop new alternative sources of renewable energy that would help in meeting the world's future, massive energy needs [1,2]. In this direction, perovskites are highly researched materials [3], as their optimized microstructures can display astonishing optoelectronic properties such as long exciton diffusion lengths, high absorption coefficients, good transport of charges, high charge mobilities, high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, high defect tolerance, narrow emission linewidths [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and more (details on the investigation and characterization of the optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials can be further consulted in a variety of comprehensive studies reported in the literature [12][13][14][15][16]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Hybrid Lead Halide CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite Crystals via Convective Self-Assembly

et al. 2023

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In this study, we have employed a film deposition technique based on convective forces acting at the triple air–solution–substrate contact line to tune the rate of solvent evaporation and, thus, to exert control over the morphology of the resulting mixed lead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xClx films. By varying the speed of film deposition while processing at two different temperatures, perovskite crystals of various shapes and dimensions were generated upon the crystallization of the initial perovskite precursor ink. More precisely, longer than half a millimeter 3D needle-like perovskite crystals exhibiting sharp edges co-existing with large cross-like 3D perovskite crystals could only be obtained upon the slow deposition of films at a low sample processing temperature of 17 °C, i.e., under conditions of low solvent evaporation rate. On the contrary, the utilization of higher film deposition speeds and/or processing temperatures led to smaller 3D needle-like or quasi-2D rectangular perovskite crystals that often appeared interconnected and coalesced. Moreover, as it was revealed by the photoluminescence measurements, the emission intensity of perovskite crystals was larger and dominated by a shorter wavelength peak, as compared to the uncrystallized material that emitted much less light, but at a longer wavelength.

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Pakistan's electrical energy crises, a way forward towards 50% of sustain clean and green electricity generation

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Smarter Grid in the 5G Era: Integrating the Internet of Things With a Cyber-Physical System

Smarter Grid in the 5G Era: Integrating the Internet of Things With a Cyber-Physical System

An environmental assessment through load capacity factor: The dynamic effects of technological cooperation grants and energy depletion in Pakistan

Generation of Hybrid Lead Halide CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite Crystals via Convective Self-Assembly

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