Pakistan's Indus Basin Water Strategy: Past, Present and Future

Chaudhry, Shahid Amjad

doi:10.1017/cbo9781316271711.009

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The consequences of the lack of formal or informal mechanisms are best exemplified by the case of Kuchlagh in Balochistan province 1 where the absence of any form of regulation led to the intensive use of tube-wells and exhaustion of the aquifer (van Steenbergen et al, 2015). Similar unsustainable use has been observed in other areas of the country, which has resulted in a depletion of the water-table at alarming rates (Chaudhry & Chaudhry, 2009;Qureshi et al, 2010). Consequently, there is a call to a revitalization and usage of older, more traditional irrigation techniques that are communal based and typically see better water management practices (Memon et al, 2017).…”

Section: Tube-well Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Drought, Farm Output and Heterogeneity: Evidence from Pakistan

Majid

2022

Journal of South Asian Development

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This article studies the impact of canal water use and communal ethnic heterogeneity on farm output during droughts. Categorizing villages where only one language is spoken as homogenous, and using a dummy variable that takes a value of one for households that use both tube-well and canal water and is zero for those that rely solely on canal water, this article performs a least squares analysis. The data are the 2001–2002 round of the Pakistan Panel Household Survey (PPHS), which was conducted during one of the worst droughts in Pakistan’s history. The main results of this article show that the negative effect of drought increases in the proportion of households affected in the village. Moreover, farms that have diversified irrigation are better off compared to those relying only on canal water, especially when residing in ethnically heterogeneous villages. The article concludes with policy prescriptions based on the interplay of common water resources, ethnic heterogeneity and water management.

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Section: Tube-well Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Drought, Farm Output and Heterogeneity: Evidence from Pakistan

Majid

2022

Journal of South Asian Development

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“…The main irrigation water source for the Punjab is surface water from the Indus and its tributaries. However, measures against waterlogging (Bhutta & Smedema, 2007), steadily rising irrigation water demand, substantial transmission losses in the canal distribution system (Chaudhry, 2015), not demand‐oriented water allocation (Basharat & Tariq, 2013), and large differences between up and downstream water availability (Kazmi et al, 2012) lead to an increasing exploitation of local groundwater resources (Habib, 2004). In addition to falling groundwater levels, the Punjab is strongly affected by increasing soil and groundwater salinization (Bhutta & Smedema, 2007), which is a quite typical phenomenon of irrigated agriculture in arid regions (Foster et al, 2018).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating water balance components in irrigated agriculture using a combined approach of soil moisture and energy balance monitoring, and numerical modelling

Schulz

Becker

Richard‐Cerda

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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Information on water balance components such as evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge are crucial for water management. Due to differences in physical conditions, but also due to limited budgets, there is not one universal best practice, but a wide range of different methods with specific advantages and disadvantages. In this study, we propose an approach to quantify actual evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge and water inflow, i.e. precipitation and irrigation, that considers the specific conditions of irrigated agriculture in warm, arid environments. This approach does not require direct measurements of precipitation or irrigation quantities and is therefore suitable for sites with an uncertain data basis. For this purpose, we combine soil moisture and energy balance monitoring, remote sensing data analysis and numerical modelling using Hydrus. Energy balance data and routine weather data serve to estimate ET 0. Surface reflectance data from satellite images (Sentinel-2) are used to derive leaf area indices, which help to partition ET 0 into energy limited evaporation and transpiration. Subsequently, first approximations of water inflow are derived based on observed soil moisture changes. These inflow estimates are used in a series of forward simulations that produce initial estimates of drainage and ET act , which in turn help improve the estimate of water inflow. Finally, the improved inflow estimates are incorporated into the model and then a parameter optimization is performed using the observed soil moisture as the reference figure. Forward simulations with calibrated soil parameters result in final estimates for ET act and groundwater recharge. The presented method is applied to an agricultural test site with a crop rotation of cotton and wheat in Punjab, Pakistan. The final model results, with an RMSE of 2.2% in volumetric water content, suggest a cumulative ET act and groundwater recharge of 769 and 297 mm over a period of 281 days, respectively. The total estimated water inflow accounts for 946 mm, of which 77% originates from irrigation.

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The Impact of the Macroeconomic Environment on Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector

Mangla

Din

2015

LJE

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This paper analyzes the impact of the macroeconomic environment on Pakistan’s manufacturing sector, emphasizing in particular the role of fiscal and monetary policies in shaping incentives for industrial investment. Arguably, Pakistan’s macroeconomic fundamentals in the last two decades have remained fragile, resulting in severe macroeconomic imbalances that have contributed to macroeconomic instability and hampered private investment in aggregate as well as in the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, macroeconomic stabilization policies have often failed to produce the desired results owing to the lack of coordination between monetary and fiscal policies. Pakistan’s economy has thus lived on borrowed money and time and on rent-seeking behavior. Although some recent macroeconomic indicators have improved slightly, fundamental weaknesses remain. In particular, the recent improvement in the current account deficit was driven largely by the high inflow of remittances, coupled with financial engineering such as loan payments from the International Monetary Fund, “friendly” money, European Union bonds, and Islamic sukuk. It is imperative to think about the consequences of a leveraged reliance on remittances in the aftermath of falling oil prices and global deflation. Prudent macroeconomic management aimed at consolidating public finances and controlling inflationary pressures is essential to boost industrial investment and yield sustainable growth.

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Pakistan's Indus Basin Water Strategy: Past, Present and Future

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Drought, Farm Output and Heterogeneity: Evidence from Pakistan

Drought, Farm Output and Heterogeneity: Evidence from Pakistan

Estimating water balance components in irrigated agriculture using a combined approach of soil moisture and energy balance monitoring, and numerical modelling

The Impact of the Macroeconomic Environment on Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector

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