Palaeoclimatic signals recognized by chemometric treatment of molecular stratigraphic data

Brassell, Simon C.; Brereton, Richard G.; Eglinton, G.; Grimalt, Joan O.; Liebezeit, Gerd; Marlowe, I.T.; Pflaumann, Uwe; Sarnthein, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(86)80001-8

Cited by 115 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Consequently, any parameter recording this process should also have the same properties. Although we do not have a sufficient sampling density to determine the cyclicity of the U37 curve (e.g., Brassell et al, 1986a;Brereton, 1987), a regression line was fitted to the curve, the gradient of which was 5.68 x I0 -5 U37 units/k.y. Hence, over the 575 k.y.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loadings plots from PC As of a similar data set have been used previously to demonstrate how the individual components of a series of biomarkers covary downhole (Brassell et al, 1986a). One advantage of PCA is that the approach reveals correlations between variables without "eyeballing" peaks and troughs in downhole lipid profiles.…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis of the lipid distributions of these compounds in the Prymnesiophyte alga Emiliania huxleyi grown at 8°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°C has shown a linear relationship between the U37 index (measuring the degree of unsaturation) and the growth temperature (Marlowe, 1984; confirmed and extended by Prahl and Wakeham, 1987). The rationale for-warded to support this observation suggests that Prymnesiophyte algae biosynthesize di-, tri-, and tetra-unsaturated alkenones in varying amounts to maintain their cell membrane fluidity during changes in their growth temperature (Brassell et al, 1986a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of molecular stratigraphic approach has previously been demonstrated to be a useful tool in assessing the paleoenvironmental history of successive horizons in a sediment core (Brassell et al, 1986a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Stratigraphic Study of Sediments from Holes 658A and 660A, Leg 108

Poynter¹,

Farrimond²,

Brassell³

et al. 1989

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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The solvent-extractable organic fractions of a series of sediment samples that were taken at specific intervals from Holes 658A and 660A on Ocean Drilling Program Leg 108 were quantitatively analyzed in terms of their molecular composition. The resulting multivariate time series show how the composition and concentration of this organic component is linked to the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic histories of the two sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular Stratigraphic Study of Sediments from Holes 658A and 660A, Leg 108

Poynter¹,

Farrimond²,

Brassell³

et al. 1989

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The unsaturation ratio of the C 37 alkenones has been shown to be indicative of organismal growth temperatures, suggesting that the ratio measured in the deep-sea sediments reflects the overlying sea surface temperature (Brassel et al 1986b;Brassel et al 1986a). Since diagenetic processes do not appear to affect the original unsaturation ratio of the C 37 alkenones, these longchain polyunsaturated ketones can be used as paleotemperature proxies (Conte et al 1992;Prahl et al 1988;Sikes et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressed sequence tag profiles from calcifying and non-calcifying cultures of Emiliania huxleyi

2004

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Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) analysis is a powerful means for evaluating gene expression and discovering novel genes. The method is relatively simple and particularly important for species where knowledge of the genome is unavailable or limited. In this study, we compare EST profiles of Emiliania huxleyi cultures grown under conditions that promote biomineralization and coccolithogenesis (F/50 media) and conditions that reduce these processes (F/2 media). A total of 3,527 clones from the F/50 and 4,116 clones from F/2 library were randomly selected and sequenced, resulting in a unigene set of 4,057 unique sequences comprised of 540 contigs and 3517 singletons. More than 40% of the expressed genes showed similarity to known genes from other organisms deposited in GenBank (e>10 -2 ) and have been functionally categorized. The comparative data provide cues for further studies pertaining to genes and proteins involved in biomineralization and coccolithogenesis, and taken together serve as a valuable resource for the coccolithophorid research community.

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Climatic influences on the Paleogene evolution of alkenones

Brassell

2014

Paleoceanography

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Application of the alkenone paleotemperature proxy (U K' 37 ) for marine sediments is typically constrained by three factors: (i) an absence of alkatrienones in sediments deposited where ocean temperatures exceed~28°C, (ii) loss of alkenones in thermally altered sediments, and (iii) poor preservation of alkenone signals due to oxidative degradation. In addition, there appears to be a temporal limit on the occurrence of alkatrienones, which are conspicuously absent in all alkenone-containing sediments from the early Aptian to the immediate aftermath of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) when they first appeared in Arctic Ocean sediments. Compilation of reported and previously unpublished alkenone distributions for the Paleogene coupled with assessment of co-occurring calcareous nannoplankton genera within the Noelaerhabdaceae provide evidence that evolutionary developments in alkenone occurrences include biosynthetic responses likely triggered by climate change. The timing of emergence of alkatrienones post-EECO and their subsequent appearance at all latitudes during the middle Eocene accompanies expansion of the calcareous nannoplankton genus Reticulofenestra coincident with significant climate-driven changes in oceanic conditions, including (i) modification of trophic structure associated with weakened thermal stratification, (ii) higher productivity facilitated by enhanced nutrient influx, and (iii) changes in seasonality, initially at high latitudes, related to greater latitudinal temperature gradients. Collectively, these changes would serve to favor eurythermal/eurytrophic algae, like Reticulofenestra, with a biomechanism to store energy through production of lipid bodies rich in alkenones during episodes of higher nutrient availability. This ability likely enhanced the viability of this marine haptophyte when nutrients were limiting, ultimately ensuring its evolutionary success.

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Palaeoclimatic signals recognized by chemometric treatment of molecular stratigraphic data

Cited by 115 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular Stratigraphic Study of Sediments from Holes 658A and 660A, Leg 108

Molecular Stratigraphic Study of Sediments from Holes 658A and 660A, Leg 108

Expressed sequence tag profiles from calcifying and non-calcifying cultures of Emiliania huxleyi

Climatic influences on the Paleogene evolution of alkenones

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