Palaeoenvironmental conditions during deposition of the Upper Cretaceous oil shale sequences in the Songliao Basin (NE China): Implications from geochemical analysis

Bechtel, Achim; Jia, Jianliang; Strobl, Susanne; Sachsenhofer, Reinhard F.; Liu, Zhaojun; Gratzer, Reinhard; Püttmann, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.02.003

Cited by 201 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…3b). Samples from Upper K 2 n 1 have a TOC content (0.1-0.2%) lower than that of samples from the same strata in the SK1 borehole (Song et al, 2013) and core Zk3389 (Bechtel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Abundance and Types Of Organic Matter In The Houjingou Sectionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Previous studies suggested that the occurrence of aryl isoprenoids in K 2 n 1 + 2 indicated the existence of green sulphur bacteria during intermittent photic zone anoxia (Bechtel et al, 2012;Song et al, 2013). The presence of aryl isoprenoids in Lower K 2 n 2 samples could therefore indicate OM input from green sulphur bacteria.…”

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The biomarker composition in the mudstones of Upper K 2 n 1 and in the black shales and oil shales in Lower K 2 n 2 supports the idea of diverse OM sources. High concentrations of C 23 n-alkanes, relatively high gammacerane and aryl isoprenoids in the black shales suggest mixed OM sources, mainly originating from algae, bacteria, and higher plants (Feng et al, 2007;Bechtel et al, 2012). While the n-alkanes of Upper K 2 n 1 are dominated by medium-to long-chain lengths, suggesting an increase in terrestrial OM input while aquatic OM input decreased.…”

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Long-chain n-alkanes were originally thought to be derived predominantly from higher plants (Tissot and Welte, 1984;Tegelaar et al, 1989), but increasingly more studies revealed that algae and other aquatic organisms can also produce large amounts of these high molecular-weight waxy alkanes (e.g., Huang et al, 2003;Feng et al, 2007;Bechtel et al, 2012). Feng et al (2007) and Bechtel et al (2012) suggested that Botryococcus braunii may have contributed long-chain n-alkanes to the Songliao Paleo-lake deposits. In addition, a certain amount of dinosterane was detected in Lower K 2 n 2 (Figs.…”

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3b, high TOC contents correspond well with high concentrations of C 27 steranes in Lower K 2 n 2 , suggesting that phytoplankton contributed significant amounts of OM. Bechtel et al (2012) suggested that the OM of hydrocarbon source rocks in the SLB was mainly derived from dinoflagellates, green algae and Botryococcus braunii. Hou et al (2000) proposed that, during marine transgressions, algae, including the marine dinoflagellates, diatoms, and haptophyta produced significant amounts of OM which contributed to the deposition of hydrocarbon source rocks within the SLB.…”

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late Santonian Songliao Paleo-lake

Cao

Peng

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…3b). Samples from Upper K 2 n 1 have a TOC content (0.1-0.2%) lower than that of samples from the same strata in the SK1 borehole (Song et al, 2013) and core Zk3389 (Bechtel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Abundance and Types Of Organic Matter In The Houjingou Sectionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Terrigenous Organic Matter Input and Primary Prodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late Santonian Songliao Paleo-lake

Cao

Peng

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon expulsion of source rocks in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Qijia‐Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China: Evaluation of shale oil resource potential

Huo

Hao

Liu

et al. 2020

Energy Science & Engineering

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In recent years, there has been significant progress in shale oil exploration in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the Qijia‐Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China: It shows good prospects for shale oil. However, the recognized lack of the geochemical and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of K2qn1 source rocks limits an accurate evaluation of shale oil resource. This study systematically investigated the geological and geochemical characteristics, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and shale oil potential of the K2qn1 source rocks. The results show that the K2qn1 mudstones were mainly deposited in the semideep and deep lacustrine facies under reducing and weak reducing conditions. Compared with the southern Gulong Sag, the northern Qijia Sag has a higher salinity, more abundant prosperous aquatic organisms, and a greater paleoproductivity. The K2qn1 source rocks are pervasive and continuous in the entire sag, with maximum thicknesses greater than 110 m. They have a higher organic matter (OM) abundance (2.40% of the average TOC), are dominated by type I and II1 kerogen, and are mature (0.8%‐0.1.3% VR), which indicate that they are good to excellent source rocks and have significant hydrocarbon generation potential. The source rocks in the Qijia Sag have a higher OM abundance, a better OM type, and a lower OM maturity than those in the Gulong Sag. The threshold and peak hydrocarbon expulsion values for marlstone source rocks are 0.85% VR and 0.95% VR, respectively. The volumes of hydrocarbons generated and expulsed from the K2qn1 source rocks are 121.8 × 108 t and 46.9 × 108 t, respectively, with a retention efficiency of 61.5%. The in‐place and recoverable resources of shale oil are 74.9 × 108 t and (12.0‐13.5) × 108 t, respectively, indicating that the entire sag has a significant shale oil potential, especially the Qijia Sag.

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Depositional environmental controls on the genesis and characteristics of oil shale: Case study of the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, northern Qaidam Basin, north‐west China

et al. 2019

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Two different types of oil shales (OSs) from the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, north-west China, provide a valuable opportunity to study the factors controlling the genesis of oil shales. This study presents the sedimentary characteristics of various types of oil shales from the Shimengou Formation and then discusses their possible genesis based on a comprehensive analysis on drillcores. The Shimengou Formation comprises a lower coalbearing member (J 2 sh 1 ) and an upper shale member (J 2 sh 2 ). The J 2 sh 1 OS unit is composed of dark grey thin-layered shales interbedded with coal seams, with total organic carbon (TOC) content of 18.8-34.1 wt.% (averagely 21.5 wt.%), and belonging to type II 2 organic matter. The J 2 sh 2 OS unit consists of dark grey to grey-brown thick-bedded shales and mudstone. The J 2 sh 2 OS has a moderate abundance in organic matter, TOC contents of 6.3-11.5 wt.% (averagely 9.59 wt.%), and types I and II 1 organic matters. During the deposition of the J 2 sh 1 member, both braided river delta and freshwater-marsh facies dominate the succession, and OS developed in shallow lakes and swamps. Soon after, the depositional environment changed rapidly. Plentiful terrestrial and shallow water aquatic plants provided abundant organic matter for the sedimentation of OS and also promoted the formation of thinlybedded, high-quality OS with type II 2 organic matter. The frequent changes in depositional environments facilitated the formation of thin layers of oil shale. During the sedimentation of the J 2 sh 2 member, in similar tectonic settings, the stable warmhumid climate makes the lake water deeper than before, and the oil shale was deposited mainly in a relatively deep lake. This led to a reduced supply of terrestrial organic matter, which came mainly from lake algae, leading to the formation of OS with a large, uniform thickness and the presence of types I and II 2 organic matter.

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Palaeoenvironmental conditions during deposition of the Upper Cretaceous oil shale sequences in the Songliao Basin (NE China): Implications from geochemical analysis

Cited by 201 publications

References 70 publications

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late Santonian Songliao Paleo-lake

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late Santonian Songliao Paleo-lake

Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon expulsion of source rocks in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Qijia‐Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China: Evaluation of shale oil resource potential

Depositional environmental controls on the genesis and characteristics of oil shale: Case study of the Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation, northern Qaidam Basin, north‐west China

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