Palaeogeography and hydrocarbon habitat of the Triassic series in Syria

Jamal, Maher; Bizra, Yousef; Caron, C.

doi:10.1016/s1251-8050(00)01389-6

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This reactivation appears to be limited to the region closest to the Zagros deformation front. In contrast, the basement structures in neighbouring Syria still show a trough zone at depth (Jamal et al, 2000) although there may be partial inversion of some cover structures. The importance of structures on the Transverse trend was also described by Ameen (1992), separating the study area into two distinct areas with different tectonic histories -the Mosul and Kirkuk areas -corresponding to the Mosul High and Kirkuk Trough nomenclature of the present contribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Basement Fault Reactivation on the Triassic – Recent Geology of Kurdistan, North Iraq

Burberry

2014

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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The Zagros orogenic belt is underlain by a complex faulted Precambrian basement. Major fault trends originating in this basement have been invoked to explain large‐scale structural changes along the strike of the orogen, e.g. the development of the Kirkuk Embayment (Kurdistan, Iraq) and the Lurestan Salient (Iran). However, within the Kirkuk Embayment, these structural trends have not previously been considered as an interacting group of faults which are periodically reactivated. This contribution first presents a revised basement fault map for the Kirkuk Embayment, created from interpreted gravity data, existing fault maps and remote sensing lineament analyses. This map is then compared to surface structure maps, published facies maps and source rock maturity data using GIS techniques. The object is to define the relationship between the basement faults and surface structures, fades and source‐rock maturity through time. Surface anticline orientation and location, as well as a number of major facies changes within the cover sequence, and the maturity of Triassic source rocks, are constrained by the interaction of the Najd and Transverse fault trends. A third basement trend, the Nabitah trend, has a more subtle effect on Phanerozoic geology. The Kirkuk Embayment can be divided into a series of semi‐independent basement blocks, defined by these basement fault trends. The interaction of these semi‐independent blocks has created local but predictable differences in surface structures, sediment thickness and facies, and variations in the maturity of Triassic source units across the Kirkuk Embayment. An understanding of the location and behaviour of basement faults within this hydrocarbon province is therefore a valuable predictive tool in exploration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Basement Fault Reactivation on the Triassic – Recent Geology of Kurdistan, North Iraq

Burberry

2014

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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“…Evaporite formation reached an all time maximum during the Triassic, the late zenith to the break-up phase of Pangea (Gordon, 1975). The main Triassic evaporite deposits are situated in southwestern-central Europe (Germanic and Lorrain basins: Vescei and Duringer, 2003;Fanlo and Ayora, 1998;central-southeast Iberia: Orti, 1987;Jurado, 1990;Salvany, 1990;Serrano and Olmo, 1990;Orti et al, 1996;Zarza et al, 2002), in the Atlas and Saharan platform (Kamoun et al, 2001;Courel et al, 2003), in northern Appennines (Reutter et al, 1983;Lugli, 2001;Lugli et al, 2002), in eastern Europe of the Carpathian Keuper (Marcoux and Baud, 1995), in Israel (Hirsch, 1984), in the Palmirides and Zaros area, northern Arabia (Searle, 1994;Mouty, 1997;Sadooni and Dalqamouni, 1998;Jamal et al, 2000;Makhlouf and El-Haddad, 2006), in the Hellenic Trench (Krahl et al, 1983;Papanikolaou, 1988;Zelilidis et al, 1998;Papaioannou and Karakitsios, 2002), and in Antalya-Tahtalı Dag Unit (Ö zgü l, 1976;Robertson and Woodcock, 1984). These Triassic evaporate-bearing sediments have been separated and moved several kilometers by thrust faults related to the Alpine orogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gypsiferous carbonates at Honaz Dağı (Denizli): First documentation of Triassic gypsum in western Turkey and its tectonic significance

Gündoğan

Helvacı

Sözbi̇li̇r

2008

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…Palmyrides area well, modifi ed from Lucic et al (2010); Euphrates area wells, modifi ed from Jamal et al (2000). • Jordan: Risha-1 and Northern Highlands-2, modifi ed from Andrews (1991).…”

Section: Database and Key Regional Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In areas adjacent to Iraq, Triassic hydrocarbonbearing reservoirs are reported in Syria and Kuwait. In Syria, economic accumulations occur in the Mulussa F clastics (terminology of Jamal et al, 2000), the Butma carbonates, the Kurrachine/Mulussa (C2, D1, D2/2) carbonates (terminology of Lucic et al, 2010), and carbonates within the Amanus Formation (Barrier, 2015;Hips and Argyelan, 2007). Several fields with Triassic light oil or gas/condensate accumulations occur in NE Syria close to the Iraqi border ( Fig.…”

Section: Review Of the Geli Khana -Kurra Chine -Sarki Petroleum Systementioning

confidence: 99%

DATING AND CORRELATION OF THE BALUTI FORMATION, KURDISTAN, IRAQ: Implications for the regional recognition of a Carnian “marker dolomite”, and a review of the Triassic to Early Jurassic sequence stratigraphy of the Arabian Plate

Lunn

Miller²,

Samarrai

2018

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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The Baluti Formation is a lithostratigraphic unit defined at outcrop in the Zagros foldbelt in Kurdistan, North Iraq, where it consists of a thin, shale‐dominated interval between the thick carbonates of the overlying Sarki and the underlying Kurra Chine Formations. New biostratigraphic results presented in this study confirm that firstly, the Baluti shale marks the top of the Carnian at outcrop; and secondly, that the correlative subsurface shale occurs well above the base of the subsurface‐defined Butmah Formation. As such, the Butmah is not directly correlative to the Sarki as has previously been assumed, and its definition overlaps that of the Baluti and Kurra Chine Formations. These results have regional implications. A distinctive low Gamma Ray dolostone unit in the Kurra Chine A can be correlated across Kurdistan. Similar dolostones are recognised widely across the Arabian Plate and have been considered to be correlative by some workers, but not by others. This study establishes the age of this “Marker Dolomite” as late Carnian on the basis of its position below the Baluti Formation and confirms its regional development. Correlation is demonstrated to the Sefidar Dolomite (Iran), the “Muss”/Mulussa D (Syria), the upper Abu Ruweis Formation (Jordan), the Jilh Formation (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman), and the upper Gulailah Formation (UAE). Regional sequence stratigraphic studies have assigned the Marker Dolomite to different sequences in different areas. The recognition that it represents a single, regionally‐correlatable event provides the starting point for a sequence stratigraphic review based on regional log correlation and published dating. An updated sequence stratigraphic framework is presented for the Triassic to Early Jurassic, defining additional sequences (e.g. Tr55, Tr90, Tr100, J01, J05) and recognising that significant depositional breaks are associated with SBs Tr60, Tr70, Tr80, Tr100 and J01. The hiatus below Tr80 reflects a Carnian–Ladinian regional high in the Southern Gulf. This represents the barrier between the open Neo‐Tethys and the saltern in which the Carnian evaporites accumulated. The implications for petroleum exploration are discussed in the light of these revisions. There are two established Triassic plays in Iraq and Syria: firstly, in fractured carbonate reservoirs sealed by evaporites and shales, which is productive in both countries; and secondly, in fluvial sandstones sealed by interbedded shales, which is productive in Syria. A key observation regarding the carbonate play is that the main Triassic exploration target in Iraq has been the Kurra Chine B fractured carbonates, located above the main Carnian evaporites; whereas in the Syrian Palmyrides, the main discoveries are generally located below the Carnian evaporites. The sub‐evaporite fractured carbonate play is underexplored in Iraq. With regard to the clastic play, the correlations presented in this study indicate that the Mulussa F and Minjur represent a single clastic pulse, and equivalent sandstones are likely to be ...

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Palaeogeography and hydrocarbon habitat of the Triassic series in Syria

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

The Effect of Basement Fault Reactivation on the Triassic – Recent Geology of Kurdistan, North Iraq

The Effect of Basement Fault Reactivation on the Triassic – Recent Geology of Kurdistan, North Iraq

Gypsiferous carbonates at Honaz Dağı (Denizli): First documentation of Triassic gypsum in western Turkey and its tectonic significance

DATING AND CORRELATION OF THE BALUTI FORMATION, KURDISTAN, IRAQ: Implications for the regional recognition of a Carnian “marker dolomite”, and a review of the Triassic to Early Jurassic sequence stratigraphy of the Arabian Plate

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