Palaeohydraulics of a tabular, cross-stratified sand in the Brampton Esker, Ontario

Saunderson, Houston C.; Jopling, Alan V.

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(80)90039-1

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…6a). Similar deposits from the Brampton esker have been described by Saunderson and Jopling (1980). The rate of sedimentation of the suspended load was sufficient to form a fine sandy to silty drape over the dune front, in places merging into regressive ripples of the bottomset.…”

Section: Facièssupporting

confidence: 66%

The Late Glacial-Early Glaciomarine Transition in the Ottawa Valley: Evidence for a Glacial Lake?

Naldrett¹

2007

gpq

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Rhythmites overlying either cross-bedded sand or diamicton are found throughout the Ottawa Valley. Previously thought to be restricted glacial lake sediments, they are now known to be widespread, and represent a large proglacial lake which preceded the Champlain Sea. The rhythmites consist of thin silt and clay laminae which fine upwards and contain slump, flame, shear (ice-contact?) and fluid escape structures. Ice-rafted material is common. The ostracode Candona cf. C. subtriangulata occurs in low numbers and indicates a freshwater body with depth of approximately 200 m. The alternation of silt and clay rhythmite laminae is characteristic of deposition by underflow and overflow currents, respectively. To produce underflows with typical glacial outwash concentrations may require discharge into fresh rather than marine water. This evidence and the widespread occurrence of rhythmites throughout the Ottawa Valley and the Rideau Lakes area suggests a large proglacial lake as the sedimentary basin. The lake is tentatively correlated with the Belleville Phase of Glacial Lake Iroquois and the Ft. Ann Phase of Glacial Lake Vermont. These phases occurred at depths consistent with the requirements for Candona survival. The water body which existed in the Ottawa area is here called Lake Rideau after the type locality where rhythmites were first observed. Generation of such a lake favours the more conventional "window blind" model for déglaciation rather than the calving bay concept.On trouve tout au long de la vallée des Outaouais des rythmites qui recouvrent soit du sable en stratification oblique, soit un diamicton. On les a d'abord considérées comme des sédiments glacio-lacustres localisés, mais on sait maintenant qu'elles sont répandues et qu'elles témoignent de l'existence d'un grand lac glaciaire qui aurait précédé la Mer de Champlain. Les rythmites sont constituées de lamines de silt et d'argile qui s'affinent vers le haut et qui renferment des structures de glissement, en flamme, de cisaillement (de contact glaciaire?) et d'échappement fluidal. Les matériaux transportés par radeaux de glace sont courants. L'ostracode Candona cf. C. subtriangulata que l'on trouve en petit nombre témoigne de l'existence d'une nappe d'eau douce d'une profondeur d'environ 200 m. L'alternance de lamines rythmiques de silt et d'argile est caractéristique d'une mise en place par des courants de sous-écoulement et de débordement, respectivement. Pour qu'il y ait sous-écoulement accompagné de concentrations d'épandage fluvio-glaciaire. Ie déversement doit se faire en eaux douces plutôt qu'en milieu marin. Cet élément de preuve ajouté au fait que l'on trouve des rythmites partout dans la région de la vallée des Outaouais et des lacs Rideau laisse croire qu'un grand lac glaciaire a servi de bassin de sédimentation. À titre d'essai, on a établi la corrélation entre ce lac et la phase Belleville du Lac glaciaire Iroquois et la phase de Fort Ann du Lac glaciaire Vermont. Ces phases correspondent à des profondeurs d'eau conformes à la survie de C...

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Section: Facièssupporting

confidence: 66%

The Late Glacial-Early Glaciomarine Transition in the Ottawa Valley: Evidence for a Glacial Lake?

Naldrett¹

2007

gpq

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“…Geomorphic and hydraulic parameters of the three phases of the Grabia river development. Palaeohydraulic estimations are based on following formulas: d th (Bridge & Diemer 1983;Mohrig et al 2000), d st (Allen & Mange-Rajetzky 1982), v (Bogardi 1974;Saunderson & Jopling 1980;Kozarski et al 1988), Q mean (Williams 1984;Alford & Holmes 1985), Q max (Williams 1984 low. In the upper part, there is a slight enrichment in Al, K and Mn, suggesting that the intensity of denudation was still high but was lower than that occurring in zone I. TOC/N is relatively high and continues to increase upwards.…”

Section: Geochemical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A reconstruction of the palaeohydrological conditions of a flood‐plain: a multi‐proxy study from the Grabia River valley mire, central Poland

Pawłowski

Kowalewski

Milecka

et al. 2015

Boreas

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This study investigated the Grabia River valley mire in central Poland to reconstruct its palaeoenvironmental conditions from the Younger Dryas to the present. We analysed sedimentological, biological and geochemical data from the palaeo-oxbow lake and valley mire to identify the principal hydrological trends, especially episodes of high water level. During the Lateglacial and Holocene, the Grabia River had a meandering channel, and its hydraulic parameters and the channel dimensions changed in response to climatic oscillations and vegetation development. We identified phases of high flood intensity and high groundwater level that correlate with regional and supraregional climatic events. The frequency and timing of palaeohydroclimatic oscillations show strong similarities to records from other sites in Poland and the rest of Europe. We show that various analytical methods, namely, pollen, plant macrofossils, Cladocera, Chironomidae, sedimentological, geochemical and radiocarbon data, can be effective tools for reconstructing past hydroclimatic changes in palaeo-oxbow lakes and investigating the effects of past climate changes on river environments. The high sensitivity of the biota, especially Cladocera, to changes in water level permits the reconstruction of palaeoecological changes, especially flood episodes that occurred in the river valley. In particular, the increase in the proportion of sediment-associated Cladocera and pelagic taxa was closely correlated with floods. Through comparisons with the palaeobiological data, geochemical data allowed the identification of humid phases within the fen associated with a rising groundwater table, direct fluvial activity (floods) and alluvial deposition. We also discuss the limitations of palaeohydrological reconstructions based on these proxies, especially on fossil aquatic invertebrates.

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“…Palaeoflow calculations (Table 3) include flow velocity, bed shear stress (Williams, 1983), flow power (Bagnold, 1966), flow depth estimated on the basis of lithofacies thickness (Friend & Moody-Stuart, 1972;Klimek, 1972;Saunderson & Jopling, 1980;Bridge, 2003), and mean Froude number (Fr) calculated for three divided zones in IMV braided river system and for the upper and middle part of lower flow regime. Estimation of flow depth was not possible for lithofacies with low-angle planar cross-stratified sandy lithofacies (Sl) and it was omitted in calculations, because lithofacies Sl developed due to flattened and washed-out bars and estimation of flow depth in this case is impossible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling sedimentation in the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley during the Pomeranian phase of the Weichselian glaciation: an overview

Pisarska‐Jamroży

2015

Geologos

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During the Pleistocene the Scandinavian ice sheet drained huge quantities of sediment-laden meltwaters. These meltwaters supplied ice-marginal valleys that formed parallel to the front of the ice sheet. Not without significance was the supply of ice-marginal valleys from extraglacial rivers in the south. Moreover, periglacial conditions during and after sedimentation in ice-marginal valleys, the morphology of valley bedrocks, and erosion of older sediments played important roles in the depositional scenarios, and in the mineralogical composition of the sediments. The mechanisms that controlled the supply and deposition in ice-marginal valleys were analysed on the basis of a Pleistocene ice-marginal valley that was supplied by northern and southern source areas in the immediate vicinity. Investigations were conducted in one of the largest ice-marginal valleys of the Polish-German lowlands, i.e., the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley, in sandurs (Drawa and Gwda) supplied sediments and waters from the north into this valley, and on extraglacial river terraces (pre-Noteć and pre-Warta rivers), formed simultaneously with the sandurs and ice-marginal valley (Pomeranian phase of Weichselian glaciation) supplied sediments and waters from the south into this valley. A much debated question is how similar, or different, depositional processes and sediments were that contributed to the formation of the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley, and whether or not it is possible to differentiate mostly rapidly aggraded sandur sediments from ice-marginal valley sediments. Another question addresses the contribution of extraglacial feeding of the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley. These matters were addressed by a wide range of analyses: sediment texture and structure, architectural elements of sediments, frequency of sedimentary successions, heavy-mineral analysis (both transparent and opaque heavy minerals), analysis of rounding and frosting of quartz grains, and palaeohydrological calculations. Additionally, a statistical analysis was used. The specific depositional conditions of distribution of sediments in ice-marginal valley allow to distinguish new environment of ice-marginal valley braided river. The spectrum of depositional conditions in the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley and their specific palaeohydraulic parameters allow to distinguish three coexisting zones in the ice-marginal valley braided-river system: (1) deep gravel-bed braided channel zone with extensive scours, (2) deep sand-bed braided channel zone with transverse bars, and (3) marginal sand-bed and gravel-bed braided channel zone with diamicton and breccia deposition, which were characterised in detail. Some of the results have been published previously, which is why they are discussed in the present paper within the context of new data.

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Palaeohydraulics of a tabular, cross-stratified sand in the Brampton Esker, Ontario

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

The Late Glacial-Early Glaciomarine Transition in the Ottawa Valley: Evidence for a Glacial Lake?

The Late Glacial-Early Glaciomarine Transition in the Ottawa Valley: Evidence for a Glacial Lake?

A reconstruction of the palaeohydrological conditions of a flood‐plain: a multi‐proxy study from the Grabia River valley mire, central Poland

Factors controlling sedimentation in the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley during the Pomeranian phase of the Weichselian glaciation: an overview

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