Palatalization of Velars: A Major Link of Old English and Old Frisian

Laker, Stephen

doi:10.1163/9789401204217_008

Amst Beitr alteren Ger

2007

DOI: 10.1163/9789401204217_008

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Palatalization of Velars: A Major Link of Old English and Old Frisian

Stephen Laker¹

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Cited by 6 publications

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“… 27 The different reflexes may only be known from their pronunciation in modern dialects, and paradigmatic alternation needs to be taken into account also; cf. Laker (2007). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Old English <cg> and its sound correspondences in Old English and Middle English

Stenbrenden¹

2019

English Language and Linguistics

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This article seeks to identify the phonetic correspondence(s) of the digraph <cg> in Old English (OE) and Middle English (ME), assessing a range of sources: the etyma in early Germanic (Gmc) languages, the various spellings in OE and the spelling evidence in the Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English. Almost all the textbooks on OE claim that <cg> was pronounced /dʒ/, i.e. as a phonemic affricate, in OE. Evidence is thin on the ground, and the argument rests on certain back spellings <cg> for words with etymological <d+g>, e.g. midgern <micgern>. Words with <cg> in OE go back to Gmc *g(g)j, which subsequently underwent palatalisation, and eventually assibilation and affrication. This article argues that the value [ɟj] is more likely for OE and early ME, and that such an interpretation agrees with the available spelling evidence for both OE and ME, in that there is not one <d>-type spelling in the entire historical corpus until late ME. It is also argued that the development of the voiced (pre-)affricate was later than that of its voiceless counterpart, as voiced fricative phonemes are a late, and infrequent, development in Gmc. Moreover, it is likely that the development of /dʒ/ was affected by the high number of French loans with /dʒ/ which entered the English lexicon after 1066. Thus, the English system of consonant phonemes may not have acquired /dʒ/ until the thirteenth century at the earliest.

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“… 27 The different reflexes may only be known from their pronunciation in modern dialects, and paradigmatic alternation needs to be taken into account also; cf. Laker (2007). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Old English <cg> and its sound correspondences in Old English and Middle English

Stenbrenden¹

2019

English Language and Linguistics

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Book review

Laker

2013

Lingua

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Palatalization and assibilation of /k/ in English and Scottish place-names

Laker

2021

NOWELE

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There are very few place-names with initial Ch- [tʃ-] in Scotland, Northern England and much of the East Midlands. Names that do exist are almost exclusively late formations and usually consist of French rather than Old English place-name elements. This article investigates the reasons why assibilation is either present or absent from specific areas and why. The results lead to a reassessment of several points, including: (1) the phonetic and phonological development of the voiceless velar in Early English in particular environments; (2) the extent to which external influence counteracted palatalization and assibilation in some areas; (3) the disparities between the place-name and dialectal evidence.

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Palatalization of Velars: A Major Link of Old English and Old Frisian

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Old English <cg> and its sound correspondences in Old English and Middle English

Old English <cg> and its sound correspondences in Old English and Middle English

Book review

Palatalization and assibilation of /k/ in English and Scottish place-names

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