Paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic changes across the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event (Oceanic Anoxic Event 2) as indicated by foraminiferal assemblages from the eastern margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Sea

Elderbak, Khalifa; Leckie, R. Mark; Tibert, Neil E.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.002

Cited by 78 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Elder, 1985 (E), and Hattin, 1975 (H). Modified after Elder (1991); from Elderbak et al, 2014. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) Fig.…”

Section: Planktic Foraminiferamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These taxa among others are considered "Epicontinental Sea Fauna" (Leckie, 1987) and may have been tolerant to significant changes in seasonal productivity, salinity, and temperature . Heterohelix is an opportunistic taxon and is the most abundant planktic genus in the CeT rocks of the WIS (e.g., Eicher, 1969;Eicher and Worstell, 1970;Caldwell et al, 1978;McNeil and Caldwell, 1981;Leckie et al, 1991Leckie et al, , 1998Elderbak et al, 2014), while Guembelitria is most abundant in cooler, productive coastal waters of the western WIS and decreases towards the basin center (Leckie et al, 1991. In general, biserial (Heterohelix) and triserial (Guembelitria) planktic morphotypes tend to occupy the shallower and more proximal waters of epicontinental seas and become very rare beyond the continental shelf during mid-Cretaceous time (Leckie, 1987;Leckie et al, 1991Leckie et al, , 1998Nederbragt, 1991).…”

Section: A) Uppermost Hartland Shale and S Gracilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strata of the CeT boundary interval in the WIS, in general, are characterized by low abundance, low diversity benthic foraminiferal assemblages (Eicher and Worstell, 1970;Eicher and Diner, 1985;Leckie, 1985;Leckie et al, 1991Leckie et al, , 1998Elderbak et al, 2014). The Hartland Shale Member of the Greenhorn Formation is characterized by the absence of benthic foraminifera with the exception of the uppermost 55 cm, which contains a depauperate assemblage of benthics.…”

Section: Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The great lateral extent of limestone beds and/or correlative concretionary beds into the proximal sites in south-central Utah and northeastern Arizona along the western margin (Fig. 4;Elder, 1989Elder, , 1991Elder et al, 1994) suggests reduced input of detrital sediments from the western margin as a result of sea-level rise and/or prevailing dry climate. Similar climatic conditions may have prevailed along the eastern margin of the seaway, which is reflected in the presence of normal marine planktic foraminiferal assemblages in equivalent strata in northeastern Kansas and westernmost Iowa (Elderbak et al, 2014), as well as the persistence of some of the limestone beds in correlative strata to the east ( Fig.…”

Section: Bridge Creek Rhythmic Bedding and Paleoceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Deposition of rhythmically bedded sequences occurred in the central portions of the seaway during late transgression and highstand, including the Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation and its equivalents (Eicher and Worstell, 1970;Cobban and Scott, 1972;Kauffman, 1977Kauffman, , 1984Barron et al, 1985;Eicher and Diner, 1985;Elder and Kirkland, 1985;Hattin, 1985;Leckie, 1985;Elder et al, 1994;Sageman et al, 1997a;Leckie et al, 1998;Arthur and Sageman, 2005). These strata were linked to Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2) spanning the CenomanianeTuronian (CeT) boundary at 93.9 Ma (Meyers et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleocirculation and foraminiferal assemblages of the Cenomanian–Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone bedding couplets: Productivity vs. dilution during OAE2

Elderbak

Leckie

2016

Cretaceous Research

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Section: Planktic Foraminiferamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A) Uppermost Hartland Shale and S Gracilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bridge Creek Rhythmic Bedding and Paleoceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paleocirculation and foraminiferal assemblages of the Cenomanian–Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone bedding couplets: Productivity vs. dilution during OAE2

Elderbak

Leckie

2016

Cretaceous Research

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The Northern Gulf of Mexico During OAE2 and the Relationship Between Water Depth and Black Shale Development

et al. 2017

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Despite their name, Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are not periods of uniform anoxia and black shale deposition in ancient oceans. Shelf environments account for the majority of productivity and organic carbon burial in the modern ocean, and this was likely true in the Cretaceous as well. However, it is unlikely that the mechanisms for such an increase were uniform across all shelf environments. Some, like the northwest margin of Africa, were characterized by strong upwelling, but what might drive enhanced productivity on shelves not geographically suited for upwelling? To address this, we use micropaleontology, carbon isotopes, and sedimentology to present the first record of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) from the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf. Here OAE2 occurred during the deposition of the well‐oxygenated, inner neritic/lower estuarine Lower Tuscaloosa Sandstone. The overlying organic‐rich oxygen‐poor Marine Tuscaloosa Shale is entirely Turonian in age. We trace organic matter enrichment from the Spinks Core into the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, where wireline log calculations and public geochemical data indicate organic enrichment and anoxia throughout the Cenomanian‐Turonian boundary interval. Redox change and organic matter preservation across the Gulf of Mexico shelf were driven by sea level rise prior to the early Turonian highstand, which caused the advection of nutrient‐rich, oxygen‐poor waters onto the shelf. This results in organic matter mass accumulation rates 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than upwelling sites like the NW African margin, but it likely occurred over a much larger geographic area, suggesting that sea level rise was an important component of the overall increase in carbon burial during OAE2.

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Intercontinental correlation of organic carbon and carbonate stable isotope records: evidence of climate and sea‐level change during the Turonian (Cretaceous)

Jarvis

Trabucho‐Alexandre

Gröcke

et al. 2015

The Depositional Record

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Carbon (d 13 C org , d 13 C carb ) and oxygen (d 18 O carb ) isotope records are presented for an expanded Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Coniacian) hemipelagic succession cored in the central Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic. Geophysical logs, biostratigraphy and stable carbon isotope chemostratigraphy provide a high-resolution stratigraphic framework. The d 13 C carb and d 13 C org profiles are compared, and the time series correlated with published coeval marine and non-marine isotope records from Europe, North America and Japan. All previously named Turonian carbon isotope events are identified and correlated at high-resolution between multiple sections, in different facies, basins and continents. The viability of using both carbonate and organic matter carbon isotope chemostratigraphy for improved stratigraphic resolution, for placing stage boundaries, and for intercontinental correlation is demonstrated, but anchoring the time series using biostratigraphic data is essential. An Early to Middle Turonian thermal maximum followed by a synchronous episode of stepped cooling throughout Europe during the Middle to Late Turonian is evidenced by bulk carbonate and brachiopod shell d18 O carb data, and regional changes in the distribution and composition of macrofaunal assemblages. The Late Turonian Cool Phase in Europe was coincident with a period of long-term sea-level fall, with significant water-mass reorganization occurring during the mid-Late Turonian maximum lowstand. Falling D 13 C (d 13 C carb -d 13 C org ) trends coincident with two major cooling pulses, point to pCO 2 drawdown accompanying cooling, but the use of paired carbon isotopes as a high-resolution pCO 2 proxy is compromised in the low-carbonate sediments of the Bohemian Basin study section by diagenetic overprinting of the d 13 C carb record. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy is confirmed as a powerful tool for testing and refining intercontinental and marine to terrestrial correlations.

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Paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic changes across the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event (Oceanic Anoxic Event 2) as indicated by foraminiferal assemblages from the eastern margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Sea

Cited by 78 publications

References 58 publications

Paleocirculation and foraminiferal assemblages of the Cenomanian–Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone bedding couplets: Productivity vs. dilution during OAE2

Paleocirculation and foraminiferal assemblages of the Cenomanian–Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone bedding couplets: Productivity vs. dilution during OAE2

The Northern Gulf of Mexico During OAE2 and the Relationship Between Water Depth and Black Shale Development

Intercontinental correlation of organic carbon and carbonate stable isotope records: evidence of climate and sea‐level change during the Turonian (Cretaceous)

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