Paleoenvironments shaped the exchange of terrestrial vertebrates across Wallace’s Line

Skeels, Alexander; Boschman, Lydian M.; McFadden, Ian R.; Joyce, EM; Hagen, Oskar; Jiménez-Robles, Octavio; Bach, Wilhelmine; Boussange, Victor; Keggin, Thomas; Jetz, Walter; Pellissier, Loïc

doi:10.1126/science.adf7122

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Added to that, widespread drought during glacial maxima except for equatorial Sunda likely caused the extinction of many tropical species in Wallacea and Sahul (Morley 1981, Cannon and Manos 2003, Cannon et al 2009, Byrne et al 2011, Hamilton et al 2019, Wurster et al 2019). Whilst the legacy of paleoclimate and bioregion has recently been shown to influence vertebrate distributions (Skeels et al 2023), we do not have a clear idea of effects upon local diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

Trethowan,

Brambach,

Cámara‐Leret

et al. 2024

Ecography

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Tropical forests occupy small coral atolls to the vast Amazon basin. They occur across bioregions with different geological and climatic history. Differences in area and bioregional history shape species immigration, extinction and diversification. How this effects local diversity is unclear. The Indonesian archipelago hosts thousands of tree species whose coexistence should depend upon these factors. Using a novel dataset of 215 Indonesian forest plots, across fifteen islands ranging in area from 120 to 785 000 km2, we apply Gaussian mixed effects models to examine the simultaneous effects of environment, earthquake proximity, island area and bioregion upon tree diversity for trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height. We find that tree diversity declines with precipitation seasonality and increases with island area. Accounting for the effects of environment and island area we show that the westernmost bioregion Sunda has greater local diversity than Wallacea, which in turn has greater local diversity than easternmost Sahul. However, when the model includes geological activity (here proximity to major earthquakes), bioregion differences are reduced. Overall, results indicate that multi‐scale, current and historic effects dictate tree diversity. These multi‐scale drivers should not be ignored when studying biodiversity gradients and their impacts upon ecosystem function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

Trethowan,

Brambach,

Cámara‐Leret

et al. 2024

Ecography

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“…Indeed, a repeated pattern in island biogeography is that isolation leads to low immigration of new clades, which can result in lower equilibrium species richness 35 . In addition to oceanic barriers, exchange between Australia and Southeast Asia has also been limited by differences in climatic tolerances of vertebrates that evolved on either side 36 . Apart from Australia (and Antarctica, which has extremely low vertebrate diversity), all other continents are connected to another continent, allowing species to move among regions, while Australia has received far fewer new clades.…”

Section: Bird and Mammal Alpha Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep biogeographic barriers explain divergent global vertebrate communities

Williams,

Zipkin,

Brodie

2024

Nat Commun

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Biogeographic history can lead to variation in biodiversity across regions, but it remains unclear how the degree of biogeographic isolation among communities may lead to differences in biodiversity. Biogeographic analyses generally treat regions as discrete units, but species assemblages differ in how much biogeographic history they share, just as species differ in how much evolutionary history they share. Here, we use a continuous measure of biogeographic distance, phylobetadiversity, to analyze the influence of biogeographic isolation on the taxonomic and functional diversity of global mammal and bird assemblages. On average, biodiversity is better predicted by environment than by isolation, especially for birds. However, mammals in deeply isolated regions are strongly influenced by isolation; mammal assemblages in Australia and Madagascar, for example, are much less diverse than predicted by environment alone and contain unique combinations of functional traits compared to other regions. Neotropical bat assemblages are far more functionally diverse than Paleotropical assemblages, reflecting the different trajectories of bat communities that have developed in isolation over tens of millions of years. Our results elucidate how long-lasting biogeographic barriers can lead to divergent diversity patterns, against the backdrop of environmental determinism that predominantly structures diversity across most of the world.

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“…Faunal exchanges between Asia and Australasia. Hypothesized mechanisms for biotic exchange between Australasia and Asia have necessarily considered trans-oceanic dispersal, either directly or by islandhopping along intervening island chains [115,116]. Alternatively, paleotransport, whereby lineages are thought to have rafted on drifting islands or continental fragments over geological time scales [117], may explain Asia-Australasia biotic disjunctions, as may a combination of these processes [115,[118][119][120][121]].…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel phylogenomic inference and ‘Out of Asia’ biogeography of cobras, coral snakes, and their allies

Weinell,

Burbrink,

Das

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Estimation of evolutionary relationships among lineages that rapidly diversified can be challenging, and, in such instances, inaccurate or unresolved phylogenetic estimates can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding historical geographical ranges of lineages. One example underscoring this issue has been the historical challenge posed by untangling the biogeographic origin of elapoid snakes, which includes numerous dangerously venomous species as well as species not known to be dangerous to humans. The worldwide distribution of this lineage makes it an ideal group for testing hypotheses related to historical faunal exchanges among the many continents and other landmasses occupied by contemporary elapoid species. We developed a novel suite of genomic resources, included worldwide sampling, and inferred a robust estimate of evolutionary relationships, which we leveraged to quantitatively estimate geographical range evolution through the deep-time history of this remarkable radiation. Our phylogenetic and biogeographical estimates of historical ranges definitively reject a lingering former 'Out of Africa' hypothesis and support an 'Out of Asia' scenario involving multiple faunal exchanges between Asia, Africa, Australasia, the Americas, and Europe.

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Paleoenvironments shaped the exchange of terrestrial vertebrates across Wallace’s Line

Cited by 14 publications

References 132 publications

From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

From earthquakes to island area: multi‐scale effects upon local diversity

Deep biogeographic barriers explain divergent global vertebrate communities

Novel phylogenomic inference and ‘Out of Asia’ biogeography of cobras, coral snakes, and their allies

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