“…Other 3 results of ridge-approach model by Iwamori (2000), which incorporates mantle convection at depths >30 km and uses v = 6.3 cm/year, are shown by dashed bold lines labeled by the corresponding ages of the slab at trench, 2.5, 1.0 and 0 Ma. Katayama et al 2001 540 Ma Okamoto et al 2004-Miyamoto et al, 2007 ; Engebretson 89 Ma Okudaira and Yoshitake, 2004Nakajima et al, 1990;, 1991;Otsuki, 1992;, 1993;Sakaguchi, 1996;Maruyama et al, 1997;Iwamori, 2000;Aoya et al, 2003Wallis et al, 2009Nakajima et al, 2004aNakajima et al, 1990;, 199385-80 Ma Wallis et al, 2009Taira et al, 2016 89 Ma 86 Ma…”