Paleokarst and reservoir porosity in the Ordovician Beekmantown Dolomite of the central appalachian basin

Smosna, Richard; Bruner, Kathy R.; Riley, R.E.

doi:10.1007/bf03175448

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Paleokarst refers to fossilised karst features that are out of adjustment with the present geomorphic setting (Bosak et al 1989). Nevertheless, paleokarst can contribute to aquifer porosity (Smosna et al 2005) and is often reactivated by modern karstification (Ford 1995), including epigenic and hypogenic processes. According to Klimchouk (2007), karst phenomena encountered in deep thermal drillings are often erroneously classified as paleokarst, due to a lack of understanding of active hypogenic karst processes.…”

Section: Paleokarstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Thermal water resources in carbonate rock aquifers

et al. 2010

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The current knowledge on thermal water resources in carbonate rock aquifers is presented in this review, which also discusses geochemical processes that create reservoir porosity and different types of utilisations of these resources such as thermal baths, geothermal energy and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration. Carbonate aquifers probably constitute the most important thermal water resources outside of volcanic areas. Several processes contribute to the creation of porosity, summarised under the term hypogenic (or hypogene) speleogenesis, including retrograde calcite solubility, mixing corrosion induced by cross-formational flow, and dissolution by geogenic acids from deep sources. Thermal and mineral waters from karst aquifers supply spas all over the world such as the famous bath in Budapest, Hungary. Geothermal installations use these resources for electricity production, district heating or other purposes, with low CO 2 emissions and land consumption, e.g. Germany's largest geothermal power plant at Unterhaching near Munich. Regional fault and fracture zones are often the most productive zones, but are sometimes difficult to locate, resulting in a relatively high exploration uncertainty. Geothermal installations in deep carbonate rocks could also be used for CO 2 sequestration (carbonate dissolution would partly neutralise this gas and increase reservoir porosity). The use of geothermal installations to this end should be further investigated.

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Section: Paleokarstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Thermal water resources in carbonate rock aquifers

et al. 2010

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“…Evaporites are concentrated near the middle of the basin fill, in the Upper Silurian Salina Group (Fig. 1), but are found in other formations as well (Lowry et al, 1988;Smosna et al, 2005) and most water produced from oil and gas wells has higher salinity than seawater (Osborn et al, 2012;Rowan et al, 2011;Dresel and Rose, 2010;Lowry et al, 1988;Breen et al, 1985). Fluid inclusions show that high salinity (up to about 25 weight percent NaCl equivalent) and high temperature (up to more than 220 C) fluids moved in two temporally different pulses from east to west through the basin Evans and Battles (1999).…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 94%

Lithium in fluids from Paleozoic-aged reservoirs, Appalachian Plateau region, USA

Macpherson

2015

Applied Geochemistry

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a b s t r a c tThis study presents the spatial distribution of a compilation of lithium (Li) and selected other dissolved species concentrations in saline fluids from oil and gas wells in western Pennsylvanian and eastern Ohio that are producing from Silurian-to Devonian-age formations. Lithium concentrations in the data set range from about 40 to 40,000 lmol kg À1 indicating water-rock reactions that added Li to the saline fluids. Chloride (Cl) concentrations range from about 160 to 5300 mmol kg À1 , likely the result of different burial fluids (seawater or evaporated seawater), variable dilution with meteoric water and variable interaction with marine evaporites. The Li/Cl in these fluids is not constant, potentially indicating multiple sources of Li in addition to multiple origins of Cl. Lithium and the Li/Cl ratio generally decrease from east to west across the study area in four or five bands of similar Li or Li/Cl. Lithium and Li/Cl are not correlated with petroleum-production formation and are only generally correlated with depth. A few of the fluid samples have anomalously high Li and Li/Cl. These anomalous samples coincide in location with northwesterly trending salients of high vitrinite reflectance, suggesting that Li in this segment of the Appalachian Plateau Province may provide insight into paleoflow pathways in the region, indicating where hot, chemically evolved, saline fluids might have been driven to the northwest, upwards and out of the basin, during tectonism.

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“…The Knox Supergroup is a thick carbonate sequence mostly consisting of crystalline dolomite deposited in peritidal to shallow subtidal environments in a widespread carbonate shelf, capped by a regional unconformity . Porosity development in the Knox has been previously described as associated with this regional unconformity as a product of the diagenetic history that exposed the Knox to several episodes of erosion and exposure during and after deposition . Samples were prepared for thin section and core analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Porosity development in the Knox has been previously described as associated with this regional unconformity as a product of the diagenetic history that exposed the Knox to several episodes of erosion and exposure during and after deposition. 40,41 Samples were prepared for thin section and core analysis. We selected these samples because it is well documented that carbonates exhibit multiple sizes and distribution of pores within the pore systems and include large degrees of microporosity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore system characterization of Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonates using a new mercury porosimetry‐based petrofacies classification system: application to carbon sequestration reservoirs

2018

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To better understand injection and post‐injection flow processes and the entrapment of supercritical CO2 during geological carbon sequestration in a carbonate reservoir, the pore system was analyzed in 66 Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonate samples from several locations in the midwestern USA. This work employed standard microphotography from thin sections, helium porosimetry for porosity and permeability, and mercury injection capillary pressure analysis, aiming to understand which elements of the pore system dominantly control the overall flow and CO2 storage potential in the subsurface. In particular, mercury injection capillary pressure analysis has been fundamental in understanding several petrophysical properties of rocks, including porosity, permeability, and the pore‐size distribution of the samples under study. This work analyzes mercury injection capillary pressure data and proposes a petrophysical subdivision of the samples into four petrofacies, based on values of porosity, permeability, and capillary entry pressure. This system aims to predict the portions of the studied carbonate sequence that are more likely to have a higher potential for injectivity and storage, and to better understand how porosity, permeability, capillary entry pressure, and pore size all play a role in ensuring both buoyant and capillary trapping mechanisms to secure the injected supercritical CO2. Results from this investigation suggest that in these Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, pore size inversely correlates with capillary entry pressure, and that permeability does not always have a direct relationship with pore size but rather relates to the overall interconnectivity of the complex pore system. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Paleokarst and reservoir porosity in the Ordovician Beekmantown Dolomite of the central appalachian basin

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Review: Thermal water resources in carbonate rock aquifers

Review: Thermal water resources in carbonate rock aquifers

Lithium in fluids from Paleozoic-aged reservoirs, Appalachian Plateau region, USA

Pore system characterization of Cambrian‐Ordovician carbonates using a new mercury porosimetry‐based petrofacies classification system: application to carbon sequestration reservoirs

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