Paleoseismicity and seismic hazard along the Great Sumatran Fault (Indonesia)

Bellier, Olivier; Sébrier, Michel; Pramumijoyo, Subagyo; Beaudouin, Th.; Harjono, Hery; Bahar, Irwan; Forni, O.

doi:10.1016/s0264-3707(96)00051-8

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…structural data, showing NE-SW trending extension along NW-SE to N-S striking faults, especially to the south (Figure 10). The presence of such an arc-normal extension along the GSF is not straightforward, as the GSF clearly has a predominant strike-slip component, with limited vertical offset (e.g., Bellier et al, 1997;Genrich et al, 2000;Prawirodirdjo et al, 2000;Sieh and Natawidjaja, 2000). One possible explanation for this local arc-normal extension along the GSF may be related to the occurrence of mega-earthquakes along the subduction zone, capable of promoting transient stress variations in the upper plate ( Figure 12B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No information is available on the continuation of the GSF within the ductile crust, even though recent studies in similar tectonic settings (South Chile subduction zone) suggest a curving of the fault at depth (Catalan et al, 2017). The GSF is segmented and consists of at least 19 major NW-SE trending subparallel branches, also forming strike-slip duplexes, with a northward increase of segment length and slip rate from 5 to 26 mm/year (Figure 1; Bellier et al, 1991Bellier et al, , 1997Duquesnoy et al, 1996;Genrich et al, 2000;Prawirodirdjo et al, 2000;Sieh and Natawidjaja, 2000;Natawidjaja and Triyoso, 2007;Nakano et al, 2010;Weller et al, 2012;Ito et al, 2016;Bradley et al, 2017). Overall, most (>80%) of the GSF consists of a narrow (a very few km wide) zone of deformation along a main dextral segment; limited parts (<20%) of the GSF may show offset segments, overlapping at times, or may be only inferred (Sieh and Natawidjaja, 2000, and references therein).…”

Section: Tectonic Setting Of Sumatramentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The most recent evolution of Sumatra has been characterized by widespread seismicity, with seismic hazard being expected to increase northwards (Beaudoin et al, 1995;Bellier et al, 1997). A narrow seismic gap characterized the volcanic areas during the aftershock sequence of the 1994 M6.8 Liwa earthquake, in southern Sumatra, suggesting that the rupture process is also controlled by the location of magma (Widiwijayanti et al, 1996).…”

Section: Tectonic Setting Of Sumatramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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The tectono-magmatic relationships along obliquely convergent plate boundaries, where strain partitioning promotes strike-slip structures along the volcanic arc, are poorly known. Here it is unclear if and, in case, how the strike-slip structures control volcanic processes, distribution and size. To better define the possible tectono-magmatic relationships along strike-slip arcs, we merge available information on the case study of Sumatra (Indonesia) with field structural data. The Sumatra arc (entire volcanic belt) consists of 48 active volcanoes. Of these, 46% lie within 10 km from the dextral Great Sumatra Fault (GSF), which carries most horizontal displacement on the overriding plate, whereas 27% lie at >20 km from the GSF. Among the volcanoes at <10 km from GSF, 48% show a possible structural relation to the GSF, whereas only 28% show a clear structural relation, lying in pull-aparts or releasing bends; these localized areas of transtension (local extensional zone) do not develop magmatic segments. There is no relation between the GSF along-strike slip rate variations and the volcanic productivity. The preferred N30 • -N40 • E volcano alignment and elongation are subparallel to the convergence vector or to the GSF. The structural field data, collected in the central and southern GSF, show, in addition to the dextral motions along NW-SE to N-S striking faults, also normal motions (extending WNW-ESE or NE-SW), suggesting local reactivations of the GSF. Overall, the collected data suggest a limited tectonic control on arc volcanism. The tectonic control is mostly expressed by the mean depth of the slab surface below the volcanoes (130 ± 20 km) and, subordinately, local extension along the GSF. The latter, when WNW-ESE oriented (more common), may be associated with the overall tectonic convergence, as suggested by the structural data; conversely, when NE-SW oriented (less common), the extension may result from co-and post-seismic arc normal extension, as supported by the 2004 mega-earthquake measurements. Overall, the strike-slip arc of Sumatra has intermediate features between those of extensional and contractional arcs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tectonic Setting Of Sumatramentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Tectonic Setting Of Sumatramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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“…These events were spread across the GSF but occurred mostly in the central and southern parts. Recurrence times for major earthquakes are estimated to be of the order of 200 years in the northern part of the GSF, increasing to 400 years for the southernmost part of the fault (approximately south of Bengkulu (Figure 1)) [Bellier et al, 1997]. The mentioned lack of large earthquakes in the northern part of the GSF during the past two centuries, in combination with the estimated approximately 200-year recurrence time, indicates that the probability of a future earthquake here is high.…”

Section: Earthquake Activity In the Sumatra Regionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the past two centuries, there has been no significant earthquake along the northern part of the GSF, which is therefore considered a seismic gap (i.e., a region within a seismically active area with a longer-lasting low level of activity) [Bellier et al, 1997]. As stresses build up continually as a consequence of plate convergence, the probability of an earthquake increases with the time elapsed since the previous event.…”

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confidence: 99%

Continued Earthquake Hazard in Northern Sumatra

Sørensen

Atakan

2008

EoS Transactions

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Segmentation of the Sumatran fault

Burton

Hall

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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Segmentation of the Sumatran fault is discerned using an analytical approach in which a k-means algorithm partitions earthquakes into clusters of seismicity along the fault. Clusters are tessellated into segment zones from which segment lengths and maximum credible magnitude are estimated. Decreasing the depth of seismicity sampled from 70 to 60 to 50 km reduces interaction with deeper seismicity, and results from the k-means algorithm initially suggest that the fault has K = 14, 16, and 16 clusters, respectively. After inspection, it becomes clear that the optimum number of clusters is 16. The 16 cluster model developed into zones generates segment lengths ranging from 22 to 196 km and maximum earthquake potentials in the range of M w 6.5-7.8 . The Sumatran fault is dominated by eight great central segments distributed approximately symmetrically about Lake Maninjau. These central fault segments dominate the hazard, which is less in the far north because segments are shorter.

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Paleoseismicity and seismic hazard along the Great Sumatran Fault (Indonesia)

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia

Weak Tectono-Magmatic Relationships along an Obliquely Convergent Plate Boundary: Sumatra, Indonesia

Continued Earthquake Hazard in Northern Sumatra

Segmentation of the Sumatran fault

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