Paleotopography and erosion rates in the central Hangay Dome, Mongolia: Landscape evolution since the mid-Miocene

Abstract

Standing over 2 km above the surrounding topography and flanked by orogen-scale strike-slip faults, the Hangay Dome in central Mongolia is characterized by long wavelength high topography, basaltic eruptions spanning 30 million years, and an abundance of flat-topped summit plateaus. However, despite decades of research, the origin and timing of the intraplate

Mantle Flow and Deforming Continents: From India‐Asia Convergence to Pacific Subduction

“…Furthermore, deformation related to collision is asymmetrically distributed and shifted eastward toward the Pacific margin (Davy & Cobbold, ; Dewey et al, ; Tapponnier et al, ). Previous studies have often not considered that A large part of East and Southeast Asia rests on a thin and hot lithosphere that extends westward of the western Pacific trench and northward of the Sunda trench, as far as the Mongolian Plateau where Cenozoic volcanism has been widespread since 30 Ma (Hunt et al, ; Smith et al, ; Steinberger & Becker, ; Tesauro et al, ; Windley & Allen, ; Yu et al, ). Back‐arc extension above the Pacific subduction zone has been active between at least 50 and 10 Ma (Figure ), interfering with collision‐related deformation during this period (Fournier et al, ; Jolivet et al, , ). Back‐arc extension above the Sunda subduction zone started earlier in the Paleogene forming a series of distributed rifts and oceanic basins, including the largest of them, the South China Sea (Hall, ; Pubellier & Morley, ; Rangin et al, ) that formed in the same period as the Japan Sea. Back‐arc basins have formed within the Philippine Sea Plate (PHSP) since the Paleogene until the Present during its northward movement, forming the West Philippine Basin, the Shikoku‐Parece Vela Basin, and the Mariana Basin (Chamot‐Rooke et al, ; Hall, ; Lallemand, ). …”

“…Furthermore, deformation related to collision is asymmetrically distributed and shifted eastward toward the Pacific margin Dewey et al, 1989;Tapponnier et al, 1982). Previous studies have often not considered that i A large part of East and Southeast Asia rests on a thin and hot lithosphere that extends westward of the western Pacific trench and northward of the Sunda trench, as far as the Mongolian Plateau where Cenozoic volcanism has been widespread since 30 Ma (Hunt et al, 2012;Smith et al, 2016;Steinberger & Becker, 2016;Tesauro et al, 2013;Windley & Allen, 1993;Yu et al, 2017). ii Back-arc extension above the Pacific subduction zone has been active between at least 50 and 10 Ma (Figure 2), interfering with collision-related deformation during this period (Fournier et al, 2004;Jolivet et al, 1990Jolivet et al, , 1994.…”

Late Quaternary glacial history of Khentey Mountains, Central Mongolia

“…; Batbaatar & Gillespie ); 15 = Mönh Saridag; 16 = Otgontenger; 17 = Bitüüt; 18 = Gyalgar (Batbaatar & Gillespie ); 19 = Chuluut gol/Bumbat (Smith et al . ); 20 = Asraltkhairkhan; 21 = Khiid and Kherkhluuriin Saridag. Numbers 12–13 and 17 are adapted from Batbaatar et al .…”

“…8D). Considering the synchronous responses of other proxies to Northern Hemisphere climate change, and the significant role of precipitation in glacier mass balance, we suggest our study area is linked to perturbations in the North Atlantic basin via the mid-latitude westerlies, which transport moisture to western Mongolia and the study area (Seong et al 2009;Solomina et al 2015;Smith et al 2016).…”

“…Nonetheless, throughout the Altay, Khangay and Khentey mountains, and on the peaks surrounding Lake Khovsgol, abundant well-preserved moraines mark earlier periods when glaciers were more extensive than today and afford a means for reconstructing climate. With the exception of the Valleyof the Great Lakes (Grunert et al 2000), the Gobi Lakes Valley (Komatsu et al 2001;Grunert et al 2009;Lee et al 2011Lee et al , 2013Felauer et al 2012;Yu et al 2017) and northern Central Mongolia (Dorofeyuk & Tarasov 1998;Peck et al 2002;Fowell et al 2003;Wang et al 2004Wang et al , 2009Wang et al , 2011Gillespie et al 2008;Schwanghart et al 2008;Rudaya et al 2009), however, relatively few data exist constraining Mongolia's glacial history Wegmann et al 2011;Rother et al 2014;P€ otsch et al 2015;Smith et al 2016;Batbaatar et al 2018;Blomdin et al 2018).…”