Paleovalley systems: Insights from Quaternary analogs and experiments

Blum, Michael D.; Martin, J. M.; Milliken, Kristy T.; Garvin, Matthew Gene

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.09.003

Cited by 396 publications

(511 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…2). Blum and Hattier-Womack (2009) and Blum et al (2013) proposed a third model for the controls on sediment flux to deep water. This geometric model recognized that cross-shelf transport of large volumes of sediment by marine processes was inherently process-limited, and stressed the distance between the shoreline and the canyon head as the main control on the timing and caliber of sediment that would be delivered to deep water (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connections Between Fluvial To Shallow Marine Environments and Submarine Canyons: Implications For Sediment Transfer To Deep Water

Sweet

Blum

2016

Journal of Sedimentary Research

114

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The heads of submarine canyons represent a critical link in the transfer of sediment from terrestrial sources to deep basin sinks. Here we report data on grain size, bathymetry, and geochronology from twenty-five modern submarine canyons that suggest this link to be very sensitive to the distance between the canyon head and the shoreline, and, to a lesser extent, wave energy. These data show the width of this zone filters the caliber of sediment delivered into deep water, which has significant implications for understanding sediment budgets and the distribution of reservoir and seal facies.Data from modern systems show that the river mouths or longshore drift cells must come within about 500 m of the head of the canyon to deliver gravel-size material and within 1 to 5 km to deliver sand-size material to be transported down the canyon into deep water. Clay-and silt-size particles are transported greater distances across the shelf, up to a few tens of km, whereas beyond about 40 km, little sediment makes the connection to the heads of canyons and deposits are dominated by condensed, carbonate-rich sediments.Our data from modern systems are consistent with existing sequence stratigraphic models for sediment delivery to deep water. The significance of our work is to show in more detail how and when connections can occur between fluvial to shallow-water systems and submarine canyons and how these connections regulate the quantity and caliber of sediment that can be transported into deep water. Once the process-based conditions for connection are met, then the geology and climate of the source area control the quantity and caliber of sediment that can be moved to deep water.We hypothesize that connection times, and the resultant fractionation of sediment mass and grain size between shelf and deep-water depocenters, may have varied in a predictable way through geologic history. For example, during greenhouse times when sea level was relatively high, but with inherently low high-frequency variability, longer-lived connections between fluvial to nearshore environments and deep water may have been more likely. This scenario would favor the preferential transfer of sediment, especially sand, into deep water, and the development of thick, laterally extensive sand-rich basin-floor deposits. By contrast, during icehouse periods, high-amplitude sea-level fluctuations and inherently wider continental shelves may have resulted in repeated landward and seaward transits of river mouths and shorelines, shorter connection times between source and sink, especially for sand-size sediment, and preferential sequestration of sediment in shelf to shelf-margin parts of the system. These conditions would have resulted in deep-water deposits that are a mixture of locally thick sands, abundant turbidity-current-derived mud, and thin but basin-wide condensed sections that represent periods of sediment starvation in deep water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connections Between Fluvial To Shallow Marine Environments and Submarine Canyons: Implications For Sediment Transfer To Deep Water

Sweet

Blum

2016

Journal of Sedimentary Research

114

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“…The model setup consists of a gently sloping rectangular grid with dimensions similar to the basin containing the Mungaroo Formation (700x350 km) and a gradient (1E-4) extracted from seismic data. Water and sediment discharge were estimated using published channel depthdischarge scaling regressions derived from Quaternary rivers (Blum et al, 2013); channel depth values needed for the regression were extracted from borehole data from the Mungaroo Formation. Estimated water and sediment discharge are in the range of large wet-tropical deltas, which is consistent with the proposed continental-scale of the Mungaroo system.…”

Section: Methods and Preliminary Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous modeling of the Mississippi delta shows that sediment-driven isostatic adjustments can take place at highfrequency time-scales (<10 6 yr, Blum et al, 2008;Blum et al, 2013). Blum et al, (2008) showed that sediment volumes removed onshore and deposited offshore were sufficient to induce >12 m of uplift in the valley center, and >9 m along valley margins, followed by subsidence of the same magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blum's study concluded that cyclical uplift and subsidence should amplify valley incision and filling, whereas spatial patterns of uplift and subsidence should play a key role in the development of valley fill architecture, as well as along strike stratal variation. Furthermore, Blum et al, (2013) argue the role of isostatic compensation of the sediment load should be particularly relevant for large river systems, which deliver significant volumes of sediment to basins, such as in the case of the Mungaroo delta (Longley et al, 2000;Adamson et al, 2013). Other numerical modeling studies have concluded that the contribution of isostatic compensation of the sediment load must be accounted for when estimating the effect of relative sea-level changes to fluvio-deltaic architecture (Reynolds et al, 1991;Driscoll and Karner, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of flexural isostasy on delta architecture: implications for the Mungaroo Formation

Morón

Salles

Gallagher

et al. 2018

ASEG Extended Abstracts

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SUMMARYThe fluvio-deltaic Triassic Mungaroo Formation, North West Shelf (NWS) of Australia, hosts vast resources of hydrocarbons. However, the mechanisms that generated its 4-6 km monotonous infill architecture (colloquially known as layer cake stratigraphy) remain elusive. The vertical fluctuation between fluvial and shallow marine deposits indicates that accommodation was created simultaneously with deposition. This seems to suggest that the stratigraphic style of the Mungaroo formation was significantly controlled by the isostatic compensation of the sediment load. To test this we use a basin and landscape dynamics model, BADLANDS that combines fluvio-deltaic processes (erosion and sedimentation) with flexural isostasy. To drive our simulations we use dimensions, gradient, water discharge and sediment flux from seismic and scaling relationships extracted from the Mungaroo Formation and different lithospheric elastic thickness (Te) to account for the effect of dissimilar lithospheric rigidities and flexural isostasy. Results show an increase in delta size and decrease in sediment thickness as the lithospheric elastic thickness increases. These models help explain how thick deltaic sequences can be generated in a lithosphere with low Te values. Future research will focus on comparing the synthetic stratigraphy extracted from the models with the stratigraphic record. This study provides a valuable quantitative approach for understanding how the isostatic compensation of the sediment load can control the architecture of fluviodeltaic deposits, which has implications for reservoir modelling.

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“…Bryant, 1995;Sheets et al, 2002;Hickson et al, 2005;Kim & Paola, 2007;Paola et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2011;Connel et al, 2012a;, estratigrafia de sequências (e.g. Wright and Marriott, 1993;Shanley and McCabe, 1994;Catuneanu, 2006;Parker et al, 2008a;Holbrook & Bhattacharya, 2012;Blum et al, 2013), entre outros.…”

Section: I1 Introduçãomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Formação Marizal (Aptiano) na Bacia do Tucano (BA): contribuições à análise da arquitetura de depósitos fluviais e implicações paleobiogeográficas

Freitas¹

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2014Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Emphasis is placed on the distinction between laterally equivalent deposits of channel fill and bars, given the recently recognized difficulty in distinguishing these elements, based on sedimentological data, in active depositional systems. In this way, the study of a selected are of the Banzaê Member enabled, through a quantitative approach considering the scale of architectural elements and cross-sets as well as paleohydraulic constraints, the recognition and individualization of deposits attributed to the fluvial geomorphological dynamics, such as unit bars, abandoned channel fills and channel belt successions bounded by avulsion surfaces.

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Paleovalley systems: Insights from Quaternary analogs and experiments

Cited by 396 publications

References 177 publications

Connections Between Fluvial To Shallow Marine Environments and Submarine Canyons: Implications For Sediment Transfer To Deep Water

Connections Between Fluvial To Shallow Marine Environments and Submarine Canyons: Implications For Sediment Transfer To Deep Water

The effect of flexural isostasy on delta architecture: implications for the Mungaroo Formation

A Formação Marizal (Aptiano) na Bacia do Tucano (BA): contribuições à análise da arquitetura de depósitos fluviais e implicações paleobiogeográficas

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