‘PALEOVAN’, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP): site survey results and perspectives

Litt, Thomas; Krastel, Sebastian; Sturm, Michael; Kipfer, Rolf; Örçen, Sefer; Heumann, Georg; Franz, Sven-Oliver; Ülgen, Umut Barış; Niessen, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.03.002

Cited by 194 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The recent International Continental Drilling Project (ICDP) PALAEO-VAN project has focused on coring the varved sediments from two locations within Lake Van (Litt et al 2009(Litt et al , 2012Cukur et al 2014;Litt & Anselmetti 2014;Stockhecke et al 2014). Work is ongoing to establish the chronology, but Litt et al (2009) observe extensive seismites in the test drill cores, attributing them to the repeated occurrence of earthquakes throughout the last 500 ka.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Mackenzie¹,

Elliott²,

Altunel

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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S U M M A R YThe 2011 October 23 M W 7.1 Van earthquake in eastern Turkey caused ∼600 deaths and caused widespread damage and economic loss. The seismogenic rupture was restricted to 10-25 km in depth, but aseismic surface creep, coincident with outcrop fault exposures, was observed in the hours to months after the earthquake. We combine observations from radar interferometry, seismology, geomorphology and Quaternary dating to investigate the geological slip rate and seismotectonic context of the Van earthquake, and assess the implications for continuing seismic hazard in the region. Transient post-seismic slip on the upper Van fault started immediately following the earthquake, and decayed over a period of weeks; it may not fully account for our long-term surface slip-rate estimate of ≥0.5 mm yr −1 . Post-seismic slip on the Bostaniçi splay fault initiated several days to weeks after the main shock, and we infer that it may have followed the M W 5.9 aftershock on the 9th November. The Van earthquake shows that updip segmentation can be important in arresting seismic ruptures on dip-slip faults. Two large, shallow aftershocks show that the upper 10 km of crust can sustain significant earthquakes, and significant slip is observed to have reached the surface in the late Quaternary, so there may be a continuing seismic hazard from the upper Van fault and the associated splay. The wavelength of folding in the hanging wall of the Van fault is dominated by the structure in the upper 10 km of the crust, masking the effect of deeper seismogenic structures. Thus, models of subsurface faulting based solely on surface folding and faulting in regions of reverse faulting may underestimate the full depth extent of seismogenic structures in the region. In measuring the cumulative post-seismic offsets to anthropogenic structures, we show that Structure-from-Motion can be rapidly deployed to create snapshots of postseismic displacement. We also demonstrate the utility of declassified Corona mission imagery (1960s-1970s) for geomorphic mapping in areas where recent urbanization has concealed the geomorphic markers.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Mackenzie¹,

Elliott²,

Altunel

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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“…The Tatvan Basin is located in the centre of the lake and represents the deepest and largest basin of Lake Van. Ahlat Ridge is a small ridge bordering the small Ahlat sub-basin, which is located between the shallow Northern Basin and the Tatvan Basin (Litt et al 2009). …”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summer 2010, long sediment cores were retrieved from two sites, recording palaeoenvironmental changes of the last 600 ky in this climate-sensitive area (Litt et al 2009;Stockhecke et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial abundance in lacustrine sediments: a case study from Lake Van, Turkey

Kallmeyer

Grewe

Glombitza

et al. 2015

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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abundance, and some non-laminated horizons show large variability on the millimetre scale as well. The reasons for such contrasting observations remain elusive, but indicate that heterogeneity of microbial abundance in subsurface sediments has not been taken into account sufficiently. These findings have implications not just for microbiological studies but for geochemistry as well, as the large differences in microbial abundance clearly show that there are distinct microhabitats that deviate considerably from the surrounding layers.

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“…No erosional unconformity could be detected in the younger lacustrine sections on seismic data below 250 m water depth, limiting the maximum lake-level drop to that depth. These a sensitive climate region between the Mediterranean, Black, Caspian, and Arabian seas allowing for studying Quaternary climate evolution in the Near East during the last ~500 kyr (Litt et al, 2009(Litt et al, , 2011. The Lake Van record drilled in 2010 is longer than those of Lake Urmia and Lake Joannina.…”

Section: °20'n --Seismic and Geochirp Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the fourth largest (by volume) terminal lake in the world and largest soda lake (607 km 3 , maximum depth 460 m; Kadioglu et al, 1997), it is situated in a region where the Afro/Arabian Plate from the south meets the Eurasian Plate from the north and east. Lake Van fills a tectonic depression within an active fault system that is the cause of regional volcanism and seismic as well as hydrothermal activity (Degens and Kurtman, 1978;Keskin, 2003;Kipfer et al, 1994;Litt et al, 2009;engör et al, 2003). Evaporation processes, hydrothermal activity, and chemical weathering of volcanic rocks, together with a supply of alkaline tephra into the lake basin, are responsible for the extreme alkalinity of the lake water (pH 9.8, salinity 21.4‰).…”

Section: °20'n --Seismic and Geochirp Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Drilling

Litt

Anselmetti

Baumgarten

et al. 2012

Scientific Drilling

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International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drilled a complete succession of the lacustrine sediment sequence deposited during the last ~500,000 years in Lake Van, Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Based on a detailed seismic site survey, two sites at a water depth of up to 360 m were drilled in summer 2010, and cores were retrieved from sub-lake-floor depths of 140 m (Northern Basin) and 220 m (Ahlat Ridge). To obtain a complete sedimentary section, the two sites were multiple-cored in order to investigate the paleoclimate history of a sensitive semi-arid region between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean seas. Further scientific goals of the PALEOVAN project are the reconstruction of earthquake activity, as well as the temporal, spatial, and compositional evolution of volcanism as reflected in the deposition of tephra layers. The sediments host organic matter from different sources and hence composition, which will be unravelled using biomarkers. Pathways for migration of continental and mantle-derived noble gases will be analyzed in pore waters. Preliminary 40 Ar/ 39 Ar single crystal dating of tephra layers and pollen analyses suggest that the Ahlat Ridge record encompasses more than half a million years of paleoclimate and volcanic/geodynamic history, providing the longest continental record in the entire Near East to date.

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‘PALEOVAN’, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP): site survey results and perspectives

Cited by 194 publications

References 47 publications

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Microbial abundance in lacustrine sediments: a case study from Lake Van, Turkey

Scientific Drilling

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‘PALEOVAN’, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP): site survey results and perspectives

Cited by 194 publications

References 47 publications

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theMW 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theMW 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Microbial abundance in lacustrine sediments: a case study from Lake Van, Turkey

Scientific Drilling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening

Seismotectonics and rupture process of theM_W 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening