Paleozoic seed fern pollen organs

Millay, Michael A.; Taylor, Thomas N.

doi:10.1007/bf02860858

Cited by 79 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Darrah (1969) agreed with this interpretation. Certainly, the attribution of this organ to the medullosans is widely accepted based on its morphology and that of the pollen grains it contains (Wieland, 1924;Millay et al, 1978;Millay and Taylor, 1979;Stidd, 1981;Mapes, 1982). It also is noteworthy that these pollen organs often are massed, suggesting (perhaps seasonal) synchroneity of production on the parent plant, and possible attachment in groups (Plate X,(5)(6).…”

Section: Division Tracheophyta Class Spermatopsidamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Okmulgee, Oklahoma fossil flora, a Mazon Creek equivalent: Spatial conservatism in the composition of Middle Pennsylvanian wetland vegetation over 1100km

Moore

Wittry

DiMichele

2014

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Section: Division Tracheophyta Class Spermatopsidamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Okmulgee, Oklahoma fossil flora, a Mazon Creek equivalent: Spatial conservatism in the composition of Middle Pennsylvanian wetland vegetation over 1100km

Moore

Wittry

DiMichele

2014

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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“…Comparison: Comparable Palaeozoic pteridosperm pollen organs are reviewed by Millay and Taylor (1979). Many of these have sporangia attached radially at the end of branch systems and bear pseudosaccate, trilete or monolete prepollen, unlike Townrovia.…”

Section: Division: Gymnospennophytamentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Triassic megafossil plants from Long Gully, near Otematata, north Otago, New Zealand

Retallack

1981

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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“…Non-taeniate bisaccate pollen ( Falcisporites , Pityosporites ) has been attributed to Permian peltasperms (Zavialova and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 2011). Vesicaspora is well established as pollen of Carboniferous Callistophytaceae (Millay and Taylor, 1979; Rothwell, 1981), but has also been associated with Angaran Permian and Triassic peltasperms (see review in Zavialova and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H. 2011).…”

Section: Interpreting Plant Distribution From Dispersed Pollen and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal relationships among Late Pennsylvanian plant assemblages: Palynological evidence from the Markley Formation, West Texas, U.S.A.

Looy

Hotton

2014

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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The Pennsylvanian lowlands of western Pangea are best known for their diverse wetland floras of arborescent and herbaceous ferns, and arborescent horsetails and clubmosses. In apparent juxtaposition, a very different kind of flora, dominated by a xerophilous assemblage of conifers, taeniopterids and peltasperms, is occasionally glimpsed. Once believed to represent upland or extrabasinal floras from well-drained portions of the landscape, these dryland floras more recently have been interpreted as lowland assemblages growing during drier phases of glacial/interglacial cycles. Whether Pennsylvanian dryland and wetland floras were separated spatially or temporally remains an unsettled question, due in large part to taphonomic bias toward preservation of wetland plants. Previous paleobotanical and sedimentological analysis of the Markley Formation of latest Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) age, from north central Texas, U.S.A, indicates close correlation between lithofacies and distinct dryland and wetland megaflora assemblages. Here we present a detailed analysis one of those localities, a section unusual in containing abundant palynomorphs, from the lower Markley Formation. Paleobotanical, palynological and lithological data from a section thought to represent a single interglacial/glacial phase are integrated and analyzed to create a complex picture of an evolving landscape. Megafloral data from throughout the Markley Formation show that conifer-dominated dryland floras occur exclusively in highly leached kaolinite beds, likely eroded from underlying soils, whereas a mosaic of wetland floras occupy histosols, ultisols, and fluvial overbank deposits. Palynological data largely conform to this pattern but reveal a more complex picture. An assemblage of mixed wetland and dryland palynofloral taxa is interpolated between a dryland assemblage and an overlying histosol containing wetland taxa. In this section, as well as elsewhere in the Markley Formation, kaolinite and overlying organic beds appear to have formed as a single genetic unit, with the kaolinite forming an impermeable aquiclude upon which a poorly drained wetland subsequently formed. Within a single inferred glacial/interglacial cycle, lithological data indicate significant fluctuations in water availability tracked by changes in palynofloral and megafloral taxa. Palynology reveals that elements of the dryland floras appear at low abundance even within wetland deposits. The combined data indicate a complex pattern of succession and suggest a mosaic of dryland and wetland plant communities in the Late Pennsylvanian. Our data alone cannot show whether dryland and wetland assemblages succeed one another temporally, or coexisted on the landscape. However, the combined evidence suggests relatively close spatial proximity within a fragmenting and increasingly arid environment.

show abstract

Paleozoic seed fern pollen organs

Cited by 79 publications

References 51 publications

The Okmulgee, Oklahoma fossil flora, a Mazon Creek equivalent: Spatial conservatism in the composition of Middle Pennsylvanian wetland vegetation over 1100km

The Okmulgee, Oklahoma fossil flora, a Mazon Creek equivalent: Spatial conservatism in the composition of Middle Pennsylvanian wetland vegetation over 1100km

Middle Triassic megafossil plants from Long Gully, near Otematata, north Otago, New Zealand

Spatiotemporal relationships among Late Pennsylvanian plant assemblages: Palynological evidence from the Markley Formation, West Texas, U.S.A.

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