“…Gross findings are nonspecific or absent. Hydropic vacuolar degeneration of distal convoluted tubule cells with nuclear pyknosis in the kidneys is observed in most cases ( Tokarnia et al, 2002, 2012 ; Ubiali et al, 2020 ). Abortions, embryonic deaths, and neonatal mortality are observed in goats experimentally intoxicated by A. septentrionalis ( Silva et al, 2017a ; Lopes et al, 2019 ).…”